Factors Associated with Infection of the Central Venous Catheter for Hemodialysis in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Abstract

Goal: The goal is to evaluate infections associated with central venous catheters of hemodialysis (CRI) in hemodialysis patients in Ouagadougou. Patients and methods: The study was cross-sectional, from February 15th to June 30th, 2015. It was conducted in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). We included patients with a new central venous catheter (CVC) inserted in the hemodialysis unit. The timeout for making an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for chronic hemodialysis in Ouagadougou may exceed six months. The CVCs used at the time of the study were made of polyurethane and non-tunneled. Sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical data were collected and analyzed. Results: During the study period, 156 CVCs were installed in 114 patients, and the average age was 41.8 ± 17.1 years. A CRI occurred on 39 CVCs for a rate of 9.5/1000 days-catheter. The frequency of CRI was 28.4%, 20.6% and 20% respectively in femoral, jugular, and subclavian veins. The culture of the tip of the catheter was done in 21 cases. Fifteen germs have been identified: eight cases of Gram-positive cocci (53.3%) and seven cases of Gram-negative bacilli (46.7%). It was essentially staphylococci (eight cases). In univariate analysis, a period of use of the CVC in chronic hemodialysis over 10 days was significantly (p = 0.01; r = 2.91) associated with the catheter-related infection (CRI). Conclusion: The impact of the CRI was very high in our series. The associated factor in the univariate analysis was the long period of use of the CVC. The most diligent production of AVFs at the YO-UHC would contribute to a significant reduction of the CRI.