Factors associated with non-use of modern contraceptives among sexually active women in Ethiopia: a multi-level mixed effect analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Mulugeta, Solomon Sisay; Fenta, Setegn Muche; Fentaw, Kenaw Derebe; Biresaw, Hailegebrael Birhan

doi:10.1186/s13690-022-00922-2

Cited by 6 publications

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“…This finding was in line with the findings of a Nepal (Adhikari et al, 2019), Nigeria (Asaolu et al, 2019; Ejembi et al, 2015), and Malawi (Mandiwa et al, 2018) study, which discovered that as women's ages increase, so does their likelihood of using modern contraception. Studies conducted in East Africa (Tessema et al, 2021), China (Wang, 2012), and Ethiopia (Gebeyehu et al, 2018; Mandiwa et al, 2018; Melka et al, 2015b; Mulugeta et al, 2022) found results that differed from the present study. The low contraceptive prevalence among women aged 15 to 24 years is most likely due to the fact that the majority of these women engage in unsafe sex, are newly married, and marriage is based on the institution of producing children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reason and Associated Factors for Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Ethiopian Rural Married Women: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Analysis

et al. 2023

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Introduction Contraception has a clear impact on the health of women and families in developing countries. This study aims to identify multilevel determinants of nonuse of modern contraceptives among Ethiopian rural married women in their productive age group. Method The study relied on data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. A multilevel logistic regression model was used for analysis. Result In rural areas, nonuse of modern contraceptives is surprising high (81.7%), primarily due to fear of side effects (12.89%) and breastfeeding (8.2%). Among women aged 35 to 49 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.540.81), husbands with secondary and above education levels (AOR = 0.83; 95% CI: 0.7–1), those in the high wealth index (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.51–0.72), and those who have had 1 to 2 children in the past 5 years (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.24–0.33), there was a lower chance of not using contraception. Muslims are less likely to want to use modern contraceptives (AOR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.96–1.4). Women living in Afar (AOR = 20.9; 95% CI: 9.6–44.7), Oromia (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.01–2.3), Somali (AOR = 71.1; 95% CI: 24.1–209.2), Gambela (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4–3.9), Harari (AOR = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.24–8.72), and Dire Dawa (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.9), regional states, were less likely to want to use modern contraceptives as compared to those in Tigray. Conclusion Family planning interventions should target younger women, women living in rural areas, the poor, and Muslim women. In order to maximize the effectiveness of family planning promotion policies, it's important to address the reasons for nonuse of contraceptives identified in each region and contextual differences regarding women of reproductive age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reason and Associated Factors for Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Ethiopian Rural Married Women: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Analysis

et al. 2023

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“…By incorporating all community-level variables, the third model (Model II) was developed. Individual-level and community-level factors were included in the 4 th model (model III) [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following formula was used to compute it:

, where V A represents the variance at the community level, and MOR is always≥ 1. There is no difference between clusters if the MOR is 1 [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS Infection among Sexually Active Women in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 EDHS

Mulugeta

Wassihun²

2022

AIDS Research and Treatment

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Background. The issue of HIV/AIDS is prevalent around the world and in Ethiopia as well. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HIV/AIDS infection among sexually active women in Ethiopia. Methods. For this study, data were obtained from the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. This study contains 11,729 women who have had at least one episode of sexual intercourse in their lifetime. Interviewers for voluntary HIV testing collected finger-prick blood specimens from women who agreed to be tested for HIV. Based on factors at the individual and community levels, a multilevel logistic regression model was used. Results. The study found that 2% of 11,729 sexually active women tested positive for HIV from all regions who received voluntary counseling and testing. The intraclass correlation coefficient findings showed that 32.844% of HIV/AIDS transmission among sexually active women was the result of community-level factors. Variables at the individual level were women of age 16–24 (AOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.11–0.29), women of age 25–34 (AOR = 0.733; 95% CI: 0.55–0.98), women with primary education level (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.23–2.57), more than one sexual accomplice (AOR = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.613–2.87), and women’s age at first sexual intercourse between 25 and 34 (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.301, 1.06); these were the most significant determinants of HIV/AIDS infection. According to community-level factors, there was a lower HIV prevalence rate among rural women (AOR = 0.22; 95 percent CI: 0.13–0.36), and women in the Gambela region (AOR = 4.1; 95 percent CI: 1.99–8.34) also had higher HIV prevalence rates. Conclusions. The prevalence of HIV infection among sexually active women varies by region, with urban women more likely to contract the virus. Women who had more than one regular sexual partner and had their first sexual encounter at a younger age are at an increased risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. According to the study, the government should focus more support on high-risk clusters, mainly in urban areas, as well as on regions with high rates of HIV/AIDS infection.

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“…Appropriate family planning can prevent both unsafe abortions and unwanted pregnancies. Modern contraceptives are valuable, but not everyone has access to or uses them [ 23 ]. Decisions about family planning have been directly impacted by an increase in the literacy rate, increased opportunities for women to pursue higher education and careers, and improved family socio-economic status [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Knowledge and Practice of Family Planning Among Muslim Women in Rural Karnataka, India

Nasreen,

Guthigar,

Veigas

2024

Cureus

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IntroductionWomen's health is significantly impacted by undesirable pregnancies and unsafe abortions, leading to the deaths of thousands of women and causing many others to suffer from infertility and long-term reproductive health issues. To address this problem, the use of modern contraception methods is increasing, regardless of economic status and dwelling, allowing women to exercise their rights and access reproductive health services. ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the knowledge and practice of family planning and the factors associated with it. Setting and designA cross-sectional study was conducted among Muslim women (n=461) using a two-stage stratified random sampling method with a semi-structured questionnaire in the five taluks of Dakshina Kannada district in Karnataka. Methods and materialsThe required study sample was drawn by adopting the two-stage stratified random sampling technique. The study population was divided into different strata consisting of panchayats and wards. The number of households was selected from these panchayats/wards. Statistical analysisThe association between faith in family planning and the knowledge and practice of family planning is studied using a chi-squared test. The factors associated with the practice of family planning are identified using a univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). ResultsThere is a significant association between faith in family planning and its practice, with a p-value of less than 0.0001. Age was also found to be a significant factor associated with the practice of family planning. Specifically, women aged 31-40 were less likely to practice family planning compared to women aged 21-30, with a p-value of 0.012. The majority of individuals indicated the preferred child (23.9%) and going against the custom (16.5%) as their reasons for not using family planning. ConclusionsMuslim women are reasonably well-informed about modern methods of contraception, but their usage remains relatively low. Outreach initiatives, health worker mobilization from within the community, and health education and information sharing are examples of program interventions that could help address this issue.

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Factors associated with non-use of modern contraceptives among sexually active women in Ethiopia: a multi-level mixed effect analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Reason and Associated Factors for Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Ethiopian Rural Married Women: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Analysis

Reason and Associated Factors for Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Ethiopian Rural Married Women: A Multilevel Mixed Effect Analysis

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS Infection among Sexually Active Women in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 EDHS

The Knowledge and Practice of Family Planning Among Muslim Women in Rural Karnataka, India

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