Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 and the Role of Vaccination

Zizza, Antonella; Sedile, Raffaella; Bagordo, Francesco; Panìco, Alessandra; Guido, Marcello; Grassi, Tiziana; Banchelli, Federico; Grima, Pierfrancesco

doi:10.3390/vaccines11081342

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…High blood pressure could potentially contribute to the onset of infection through various mechanisms, and it may also worsen pulmonary stasis or exacerbate the disruption of adaptive immune responses in patients after surgery. Molecular pathway analyses suggest that elevated blood pressure may induce inflammatory pathways ( 54 , 57 ) and lead to endothelial dysfunction promoting pneumonia ( 58 ). Additionally, an increase in blood pressure can lead to the development of pneumonia due to its negative impact on lung function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nomogram to predict ventilator-associated pneumonia in large vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular treatment: a retrospective study

Zhu,

Liang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundVentilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) severely impacts stroke patients’ prognosis after endovascular treatment. Hence, this study created a nomogram to predict the occurrence of VAP after endovascular treatment.MethodsThe individuals with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) who received mechanical ventilation and endovascular therapy between July 2020 and August 2023 were included in this retrospective study. The predictive model and nomogram were generated by performing feature selection optimization using the LASSO regression model and multifactor logistic regression analysis and assessed the evaluation, verification and clinical application.ResultsA total of 184 individuals (average age 61.85 ± 13.25 years, 73.37% male) were enrolled, and the rate of VAP occurrence was found to be 57.07%. Factors such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, duration of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), dysphagia, Fazekas scale 2 and admission diastolic blood pressure were found to be associated with the occurrence of VAP in the nomogram that demonstrating a strong discriminatory power with AUC of 0.862 (95% CI, 0.810–0.914), and a favorable clinical net benefit.ConclusionThis nomogram, comprising GCS score, ICU duration, dysphagia, Fazekas scale 2 and admission diastolic blood pressure, can aid clinicians in predicting the identification of high-risk patients for VAP following endovascular treatment in large vessel occlusion stroke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nomogram to predict ventilator-associated pneumonia in large vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular treatment: a retrospective study

Zhu,

Liang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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“…The correlation between the presence of COVID-19 and D-VL also emerged from our multivariable analysis. Subjects with comorbidities tend to be more exposed to contracting SARS-CoV-2 and experiencing a more severe course of the disease [52]; therefore, it is more likely that the correlation between the presence of COVID-19 and the risk of D-VL depends on the reduced T-cell response in patients with detectable viremia [53,54]. We cannot exclude the fact that this result could constitute a confounding factor, as we did not compare pre-and post-pandemic data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detectable Virological Load and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Congedo,

Sedile,

Guido

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The complete and prolonged suppression of viral load is the primary objective of HAART in people living with HIV. Some people may experience therapeutic failure, while others may achieve virological suppression but are unable to maintain it, developing persistent or single detection of low-level viremia. This study aims to evaluate the determinants of a detectable viral load among patients on HAART to identify and address them promptly. In this retrospective study, all patients referring to the Infectious Disease Operative Unit of the Vito Fazzi Hospital in Lecce, Puglia, older than 18 years, receiving HAART for at least 12 months as of 30 June 2022, were included. For each patient, demographic characteristics such as age, sex, educational level, stable relationship, cohabitation, employment status, and information relating to habits and lifestyles such as physical activity, use of drugs, and substances or supplements for sport, abuse of alcohol, and smoking were collected. Degree of comorbidity was quantified according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and the presence of obesity and the COVID-19 infection was also considered. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between patients’ characteristics and the outcome. In the multivariable logistic regression model, the odds were lower for the duration of therapy (OR: 0.96; p = 0.0397), prescriber’s perception of adherence to therapy (OR: 0.50; p < 0.0001), and Nadir CD4+ T-cell count (OR: 0.85; p = 0.0329), and higher for the presence of AIDS (OR: 1.89; p = 0.0423) and COVID-19 (OR: 2.31; p = 0.0182). Our findings support the early initiation of HAART to achieve virological suppression. Additionally, measures to improve adherence to therapy should be adopted to ensure better outcomes for patients.

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“…In early 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly across many countries, causing a new pandemic [1]. Different forms of the disease can occur, with more or less severe symptoms, including pneumonia [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Hospitalized Patients

Panico,

Bagordo,

Nolasco

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The rapid and accurate detection of infectious people is crucial in controlling outbreaks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetics of the viral load expressed as Ct in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected for RT-PCR testing. Forty-one subjects were recruited, of which 48.8% developed severe symptoms and 51.2% showed milder symptoms. The distribution of Ct values measured from the symptom onset showed that the kinetics of the viral load decreased with increasing time. A Ct of 25 (high viral load) was reached after a mean of 9.9 ± 4.8 days from the symptom onset, without a significant difference between patients with severe (10.9 ± 5.7 days) and milder (9.0 ± 3.9 days) symptoms. In 65.8% of cases, a high viral load was maintained for more than 7 days from the symptom onset, especially in patients with severe symptoms (70.6%). A Ct of 30 (moderate viral load) and of 38 (low viral load) were reached after a mean of 16.1 ± 8.1 and 28.5 ± 22.4 days from the symptom onset, respectively, with a significant difference between patients with severe (Ct = 30:17.9 ± 9.8 days; Ct = 38:34.6 ± 29.6 days) and milder (Ct = 30:14.3 ± 5.8 days; Ct = 38:22.7 ± 9.9 days) symptoms. These results provide an understanding of the viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 and have implications for pandemic control strategies and practices.

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Factors Associated with Pneumonia in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 and the Role of Vaccination

Cited by 4 publications

References 61 publications

Nomogram to predict ventilator-associated pneumonia in large vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular treatment: a retrospective study

Nomogram to predict ventilator-associated pneumonia in large vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular treatment: a retrospective study

Detectable Virological Load and Associated Factors among People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Hospitalized Patients

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