Factors Associated With Poor Glycemic Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus becomes the public health problem in the wide world. Reasons for poor glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes are complex.Objectives: To determine factors contributed to poor glycemic control among Indonesian patients with Type 2 DiabetesMethods: This was a cross sectional regression study. There were 70 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Pre-structured questionnaires were used to measure socio demographic, clinical characteristics, self-care management behaviors, medication adherence, barriers to adherence, and family support. Data were analyzed using chi-square and binary logistic regression.Results: Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥7% or FBG ≥200 mg/dl. Findings of this study reported that 83% patients had or FBG ≥200 mg/dl, which confirmed as poor glycemic control. Logistic regression showed that increasing duration of diabetes (> 5 years), non-adherence to dietary behaviors recommendation through selecting healthy diet, arranging a meal plan, recognizing the amount calorie needs, managing dietary behaviors challenges, medication adherence, and family support were significantly influence poor glycemic control with increased odds ratio scores.Conclusion: The proportion of patients with poor glycemic control was raised. Increasing duration of diabetes, non- adherence to medication and dietary behaviors management, and lack of family support were associated with poor glycemic control. Thus, integration of diabetes self-management program with social support is needed to deal with patients’ need to achieve the great benefits in diabetes care.

Glycemic Control and Its Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Jakarta

“…4,7 Previous studies in Indonesia found that 5 A study in the Public Health Center of Kebunsari, Indonesia, found that 83% of type 2 DM patients also have poor glycemic control. 6 Similarly, this study finding with other studies in Indonesia may be due to similar patient's characteristics and diabetes management practices. This finding was also comparable with study findings in Malaysia, where 85% of respondents had suboptimal glycemic control.…”

“…4 Previous studies in Indonesia found that glycemic control remains unsatisfactory among type 2 DM patients. 5,6 Identification of factors associated with poor glycemic control is essential to prevent complications from DM.…”

Challenges and factors associated with poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Nekemte referral hospital, western Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

“…From the pathophysiology of the disease, longer duration of diabetes is associated with progressive impairment of insulin secretion, increased insulin resistance and eventually decrease in insulin secretion. In earlier disease stages, the task of reaching glycemic goal is aided by residual ß-cell function, whereas in advanced stages, there is progressively less endogenous insulin secretion [11,14,16]. Therefore, as the disease progresses most patients require an increase in their medications to maintain glycemic control.…”

“…Study by Alramadan M etal in Saudi Arabia reported that low level of physical activity was one independent risk factors for inadequate glycemic control [59] and study in Ayder referral hospital, Mekelle town, Ethiopia showed that patients participated in regular exercise were less likely to be poorly controlled [9]. However, the lack of a relationship between exercise behavior/ physical activity and poor glycemic control was observed in other studies [14,16,19]. This difference possibly explained by difference in study population, culture, economy, environment and sample size.…”

“…Currently, type 2 DM becomes the public health problem globally. Reasons for poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes are complex and multivariable [14]. This inadequate glycemic control in contributes to increased rates of diabetic complications including both macrovascular and microvascular that are risk for health of the public [9,15].…”