Factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis outcomes among inmates in Potchefstroom Prison in North West province

Mnisi, Thabo; Tumbo, John; Govender, Indiran

doi:10.1080/10158782.2013.11441526

Cited by 20 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Amongst TB cases, prevalence of HIV positivity varied from 0.1% [47] to 73.1% [49]. There were few clear geographical patterns within the results; studies performed in African countries often reported co-infection prevalence over 50% in TB cases [49,60,61,68]. As with measures of incidence, this wide variation in prevalence estimates may be in part due to the settings and characteristics of the prisoners themselves but also in part to methodological differences in calculation of prevalence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prisoners co‐infected with tuberculosis and HIV: a systematic review

Edge

King

Dolan

et al. 2016

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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IntroductionAlmost from the beginning of the HIV epidemic in 1981, an association with tuberculosis (TB) was recognized. This association between HIV and TB co-infection has been particularly evident amongst prisoners. However, despite this, few studies of TB in prisons have stratified results by HIV status. Given the high prevalence of HIV-positive persons and TB-infected persons in prisons and the documented risk of TB in those infected with HIV, it is of interest to determine how co-infection varies amongst prison populations worldwide. For this reason we have undertaken a systematic review of studies of co-infected prisoners to determine the incidence and/or prevalence of HIV/TB co-infection in prisons, as well as outcomes in this group, measured as treatment success or death.MethodsA literature search was undertaken using the online databases PubMed, Embase, IBSS, Scopus, Web of Science, Global Health and CINAHL Plus. No restrictions were set on language or publication date for article retrieval, with articles included if indexed up to 18 October 2015. A total of 1975 non-duplicate papers were identified. For treatment and outcome data all eligible papers were appraised for inclusion; for incidence/prevalence estimates papers published prior to 2000 were excluded from full text review. After full text appraisal, 46 papers were selected for inclusion in the review, 41 for incidence/prevalence estimates and nine for outcomes data, with four papers providing evidence for both outcomes and prevalence/incidence.ResultsVery few studies estimated the incidence of TB in HIV positive prisoners, with most simply reporting prevalence of co-infection. Co-infection is rarely explicitly measured, with studies simply reporting HIV status in prisoners with TB, or a cross-sectional survey of TB prevalence amongst prisoners with HIV. Estimates of co-infection prevalence ranged from 2.4 to 73.1% and relative risks for one, given the other, ranged from 2.0 to 10.75, although some studies reported no significant association between HIV and TB. Few studies provided a comparison with the risk of co-infection in the general population.ConclusionsPrisoners infected with HIV are at high risk of developing TB. However, the magnitude of risk varies between different prisons and countries. There is little evidence on treatment outcomes in co-infected prisoners, and the existing evidence is conflicting in regards to HIV status influence on prisoner treatment outcomes.PROSPERO Number: CRD42016034068

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recurring theme in the quest to improve treatment outcomes was loss to follow-up of patients released from prisons [61,74,89]. This topic has been the subject of numerous studies, particularly in regard to continuing HIV therapy [111,112].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prisoners co‐infected with tuberculosis and HIV: a systematic review

Edge

King

Dolan

et al. 2016

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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“…Among 466 detainees beginning tuberculosis treatment at ten regional Ugandan prison health centres, only 222 (48%) completed treatment (202 [43%] were lost to follow-up and 22 [5%] died). 22 A chart review 75 of 202 detainees initiating tuberculosis treatment at one South African prison showed similar challenges: 92 (46%) patients were cured, but 103 (51%) had no ascertainable outcome because they were transferred before treatment completion. Findings that less than 50% of patients completed treatment or had documented cure are concerning, and have implications for the health of detainees and the potential development of drug-resistant tuberculosis.…”

Section: Tools Approaches and Structural Interventions To Preventiomentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2016

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Given the dual epidemics of HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa and evidence suggesting a disproportionate burden of these diseases among detainees in the region, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology of HIV and tuberculosis in prison populations, describe services available and challenges to service delivery, and identify priority areas for programmatically relevant research in sub-Saharan African prisons. To this end, we reviewed literature on HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan African prisons published between 2011 and 2015, and identified data from only 24 of the 49 countries in the region. Where data were available, they were frequently of poor quality and rarely nationally representative. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 2.3% to 34.9%, and of tuberculosis from 0.4 to 16.3%; detainees nearly always had a higher prevalence of both diseases than did the non-incarcerated population in the same country. We identified barriers to prevention, treatment, and care services in published work and through five case studies of prison health policies and services in Zambia, South Africa, Malawi, Nigeria, and Benin. These barriers included severe financial and human-resource limitations and fragmented referral systems that prevent continuity of care when detainees cycle into and out of prison, or move between prisons. These challenges are set against the backdrop of weak health and criminal-justice systems, high rates of pre-trial detention, and overcrowding. A few examples of promising practices exist, including routine voluntary testing for HIV and screening for tuberculosis upon entry to South African and the largest Zambian prisons, reforms to pre-trial detention in South Africa, integration of mental health services into a health package in selected Malawian prisons, and task sharing to include detainees in care provision through peer-educator programmes in Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and South Africa. However, substantial additional investments are required throughout sub-Saharan Africa to develop country-level policy guidance, build human-resource capacity, and strengthen prison health systems to ensure universal access to HIV and tuberculsosis prevention, treatment, and care of a standard that meets international goals and human rights obligations.

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“…These findings are similar to those of a study evaluating TB outcomes among prisoners in a correctional centre in North West Province South Africa. 27 Unemployment, which was another contributing factor to lack of cure, was similarly reported in the study done in Nigeria on the management outcome of pulmonary TB, and also in an Ethiopian study. 28,29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Moses Kotane region North West Province, South Africa

Yoko

Tumbo

Mills

et al. 2017

South African Family Practice

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Aim: To determine the characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis registered in primary health care facilities in Moses Kotane region North West Province. Method: A retrospective record review of pulmonary TB patients registered in five community health centres (CHCs) in 2010 was conducted. Results: Of the 229 new patients diagnosed using sputum microscopy or culture, 176 were cured and 53 were not cured. The mean age for cured patients was 36.4 years and 34.0 years for not cured patients with standard deviations of 13.5 and 11.4 respectively (p-value 0.195). In total, 97 (55.1%) female patients and 79 (44.9%) male patients were cured while 24 (45.3%) female patients and 29 (54.7%) male patients were not cured (p-value 0.214). Among the 169 unemployed patients, 120 (68.2%) were cured and 40 (75.5%) were not cured. Of the 69 patients with employment, 56 (31.8%) were cured and 13 (24.5%) failed to cure (p-value 0.394). Of 176 cured patients, 130 had directly observed treatment (DOT) support while 31 of 53 not cured patients did not have DOT support (p-value 0.00002). Some 154 (67.2%) patients were HIV positive and among them 119 (67.6%) were cured and 35 (66.0%) were not cured while of the 75 who were HIV negative 57 (32.4%) were cured and 18 (33.9%) were not cured (p-value 0.8680). Conclusion: DOT support was a strong predictive characteristic for the outcomes of these TB patients during their treatment with a statistically significant difference between cured and not cured patients; the majority of not cured patients did not have DOT support. Other characteristics like gender, age, HIV status, employment or other medical conditions did not show any statistically significant difference between cured and not cured patients.

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Factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis outcomes among inmates in Potchefstroom Prison in North West province

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Prisoners co‐infected with tuberculosis and HIV: a systematic review

Prisoners co‐infected with tuberculosis and HIV: a systematic review

HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa

Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Moses Kotane region North West Province, South Africa

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