Factors Associated With Quality of Life Among People Living With Hiv/Aids on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: To assess Quality of life (QoL) and its associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) who taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during February 2019 to January 2020 at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. QoL was assessed using the five-level version of the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), EQ-5D index value, and the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software package version 26.0. Bivariate analysis was tested using the cross-tabulation Gamma, Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney test. P value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
 Results: A total of 584 PLWHA took HAART for at least 3 mo. The median index value and EQ-VAS were 1.0 (range-0.514–1.0) and 100.00 (range 30-100), respectively. Most patients had problems in ‘anxiety/depression’ and ‘pain/discomfort’ domains. Predictors of better QoL included men, married, good adherence, and treatment duration>24 mo (p<0.05). Predictor of poorer QoL included an advanced HIV clinical stage(p=0.001).
 Conclusion: The QoL scores of PLWHA receiving HAART in our study were high; hence the QoL of PLWHA was good. The good QoL can be taken as the goal for HIV treatment in order to have a successful HAART therapy.

Quality of Life of People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Monastir, Tunisia

“…that may impact their level of independence. These findings were reported either for people already receiving ART 14,22,25,29,30,34 or after ART initiation at 1-4 months 31 or at one year. 13 We may conclude that the absence of symptoms in the majority of individuals in the present study (90.6%), the high level of CD4 T lymphocytes (≥500/mm3, 61.4%) and the duration of ART (>10 years, 41.9%) could be attributable to the close clinical and biological monitoring of these clients and the very good adherence to ART thanks to efficient counselling services, thus preventing opportunistic infections and AIDS-related deaths 31,39,40 even if no significant association was recorded with QoL domains.…”

“…These tools are based on a self-administered questionnaire investigating people's physical, social relations, environmental, psychological or mental health and spiritual and religious beliefs as well. [21][22][23][24][25] Results recorded as mean scores of QoL domains vary according to studies. They are, particularly, low or very low in some African and Middle East countries Unemployment and financial issues affect negatively people's social relation, the level of independence and mental health, as well.…”

“…These results are in line with several reports. 13,14,22,25,[29][30][31]34 In fact, poor QoL scores have been related to unemployed clients facing financial issues negatively affecting their social relationships, low level of independence resulting in less leisure opportunities affecting their mental health; in addition to poor health status perception, celibacy and a low level of education. Similarly, in Jordan, marital status (single), co-morbidities, unemployment influence negatively people's QoL 34 and in Lebanon, the lowest domain scores were for financial status, sexual functioning, and mental health.…”