Factors associated with smoking cessation and relapse in the Japanese smoking cessation treatment program: A prospective cohort study based on financial support in Suita City, Japan

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of providing financial support and factors associated with smoking cessation and relapse in the Japanese smoking cessation treatment (SCT) program based on financial support.METHODSA prospective cohort study was conducted at the smoking cessation outpatients of hospitals or clinics in Suita City, Japan from May 2017 to September 2018. In all, 153 participants were recruited and received standardized treatment based on the SCT program. Participants were required to answer four questionnaires and register for the financial support program. Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, non-paired t-test and log-binomial regression analysis were used to analyze the data.RESULTSOf the 153 participants, 140 participants completed a 12-week treatment and the completion rate was 91.5%. There were no factors significantly associated with smoking cessation and relapse (p<0.05). However, male, cigarettes smoked per day, having present diseases, having previous abstinence, living with family, cohabitation with smokers, desire to smoke at the start of treatment, self-efficacy at the start of treatment, desire to smoke at 4 weeks and self-efficacy at 4 weeks showed statistically significant odds ratio for success of smoking cessation. Similarly at 12 weeks, male, age at smoking initiation, cigarettes smoked per day, having previous abstinence, living with family, cohabitation with smokers, desire to smoke, self-efficacy and depression disorders showed statistically significant odds ratio for smoking relapse. In addition, the rate of abstainers using varenicline was 68.60%, which was higher than abstainers using nicotine patch (55.60%) and the relapse rate of participants using nicotine patch was 100.00%, significantly higher than for relapsers using varenicline (45.80%).CONCLUSIONSFurther study is expected to clarify the effect of providing financial support and the factors associated with smoking cessation and relapse in the SCT program based on financial support.

Perceptions, Predictors of and Motivation for Quitting among Smokers from Six European Countries from 2016 to 2018: Findings from EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

“…Consistent with our findings, previous studies have shown that the level of confidence in succeeding to quit is an important factor, also indicative of the success [ 27 , 28 ]. Quitters at Wave 2 also planned to quit at Wave 1, although levels of desire to quit were low.…”

“…Our analysis also showed that higher education and household income are associated with quitting, which aligns with previous research [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. In addition, our findings concerning lighter smoking and low levels of perceived addiction among those who quit [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] as well as the presence of a disease [ 10 , 27 , 39 ] or health concerns about smoking [ 10 , 40 , 41 ] are consistent with the literature. Others have found that suffering from a chronic disease or multiple comorbidities caused or worsened by smoking do not always lead to cessation [ 42 ], which was true for some of our study’s respondents.…”

Factors associated with long-term smoking relapse in those who succeeded in smoking cessation using regional smoking cessation programs

“…[43,44] In a cohort study conducted in Japan, smoking cessation success rates were higher in those with family members living together. [45] Similarly, in a longitudinal study conducted in the United States, smoking relapse rates were also reported to be lower in the presence of family members living with them. [18] In addition, the long-term smoking cessation rate has been reported to significantly increase when the spouse is a nonsmoker.…”