Factors Associated with Students Meeting Components of Canada’s New 24-Hour Movement Guidelines over Time in the COMPASS Study

Abstract

This study aimed to determine if secondary school students are meeting the new Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24-MG), as well as each individual recommendation (physical activity; sleep; sedentary behavior) within the 24-MG, and which student-level characteristics predict meeting the 24-MG, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. This study is the first to examine longitudinal changes in students meeting the 24-MG, as well as student-level characteristics that were predictive of favourable shifts in movement patterns. Cross-sectional data were obtained for 11,793 grade 9 students across Canada as part of the COMPASS study. Of this sample, 3713 students provided linked follow-up data from grade 9 to grade 12. The probability of meeting the guidelines was modeled using two-level logistic regression analyses, adjusting for student-level co-variates and school clustering. Only 1.28% (p < 0.0001) of the sample met the overall 24-MG. Among grade 9 students, 35.9% (p < 0.0001), 50.8% (p < 0.0001), and 6.4% (p < 0.0001) were meeting the individual recommendations for physical activity, sleep, and screen time, respectively. Of those students, less than half were still meeting them by grade 12. Community sport participation was the only predictor of all three individual recommendations within the 24-MG. Longitudinal analyses found that community sport participation and parental support and encouragement were significantly associated with Grade 12 students starting to meet the physical activity and screen time recommendations, respectively, after having not met them in grade 9. Findings can be used to inform policy and public health practice, as well as to inform future research examining causal relationships between the variables.

Adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among Spanish Adolescents: Differences between Boys and Girls

“…The adherence to 24-Hour Movement Guidelines found in our study is higher than those found in the studies conducted with European [ 17 , 19 , 27 ] and Asian adolescents [ 14 , 21 , 26 ] and lower than several studies conducted in the United States (5.0%–9.4%) [ 16 , 22 , 23 ]. However, our results are similar to the results found in Canadian adolescents [ 15 , 18 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. These results underline the importance of addressing these movement behaviours from an integrative and holistic approach to increase physical activity and sleep duration and decrease screen time [ 8 ].…”

“…However, most existing studies have reported that less than 10% of adolescents met the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. These aforementioned studies have found inconsistent results in the proportion of adolescents who meet the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, which have ranged from 0.3% to 2.0% in Asian [ 14 , 21 , 26 ] 3.1% in South Americans [ 25 ], 2.2% to 9.4% in North Americans (ranging from 2.2% to 5.2% in Canadian and from 5.0% to 9.4% in American) [ 4 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], and from 1.7% to 2.2% in European [ 17 , 19 , 27 ]. Most adolescents met sleep duration recommendations [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 25 ,…”

“…These aforementioned studies have found inconsistent results in the proportion of adolescents who meet the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, which have ranged from 0.3% to 2.0% in Asian [ 14 , 21 , 26 ] 3.1% in South Americans [ 25 ], 2.2% to 9.4% in North Americans (ranging from 2.2% to 5.2% in Canadian and from 5.0% to 9.4% in American) [ 4 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], and from 1.7% to 2.2% in European [ 17 , 19 , 27 ]. Most adolescents met sleep duration recommendations [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], whereas less than half of adolescents met physical activity [ 13 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ] ...…”

“…Moreover, inconsistent results were also found in the proportion of adolescents who do not meet any of these three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, which have ranged from 5.1% to 38.7% in Asian [ 14 , 21 , 26 ], 32.97% in South Americans [ 25 ], 9.1% to 42.0% in North Americans (ranging from 12.5% to 42.0% in Canadian and from 9.1% in American) [ 15 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 ], and from 8.7% to 36.4% in European [ 17 , 19 , 27 ]. These differences in 24-Hour Movement Guidelines across countries may be explained by social (e.g.…”

Movement Behaviors and Perceived Loneliness and Sadness within Alaskan Adolescents

“…The prevalence of meeting screen use recommendations in the current sample of Alaskan adolescents is much higher (>50%) compared to that among other population-based studies. For example, using the Canadian COMPASS survey, only 6.4% of students within grade 9 met screen use recommendations [38]. It is unclear why the prevalence of meeting screen use recommendations in Alaskan adolescents is so much higher than that among other populations.…”