Factors associated with study attrition in a pilot randomised controlled trial to explore the role of exercise-assisted reduction to stop (EARS) smoking in disadvantaged groups

Thompson, Tom P; Greaves, Colin; Ayres, Richard; Aveyard, Paul; Warren, Fiona C; Byng, Richard; Taylor, Rod S; Campbell, John; Ussher, Michael; Michie, Susan; West, Robert; Taylor, Adrian

doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1641-5

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The finding that participation in prior follow-up assessments increased the likelihood of retention at the final assessment is supportive of prior research suggesting maintenance of contact with participants across the follow-up period facilitates retention [33, 50, 51]. Such results suggest that intermediate follow-up assessments not only provide extended behaviour-change data, but serve as a trial design strategy to improve retention at the primary follow-up point.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Factors associated with retention in a smoking cessation trial for persons with a mental illness: a descriptive study

Metse

Hizam

Wiggers

et al. 2018

BMC Med Res Methodol

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BackgroundExploring factors associated with retention in randomised trials provides insight into potential threats to internal and external study validity, and may inform the development of interventions to increase retention in future trials. Given a paucity of existing research in the field, a study was conducted to explore factors associated with retention in a smoking intervention trial involving persons with a mental illness, considering demographic and smoking characteristics, treatment condition and engagement in prior follow-up assessments.MethodA descriptive study was undertaken using data derived from a RCT of a smoking cessation intervention initiated in four adult psychiatric inpatient units in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Retention assessment was undertaken at 1, 6 and 12-months post-discharge. A Generalised Linear Mixed Model was adopted to explore associations between retention at any follow up time point and demographic and smoking characteristics. Chi square analyses explored the association between retention at all follow up time points and treatment condition, and binary logistic regression analyses assessed for relationships between retention at 12-month follow up and engagement in prior follow up assessments.ResultsRetention rates were 63, 56 and 60% at the 1, 6 and 12-month assessments, respectively. No association was found between retention at any follow-up time point and 13 of 15 demographic and smoking characteristics. Younger participants and those who identified to be Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander were more likely to be retained (both ps > 0.05). Retention rates did not vary according to treatment condition at any follow-up time point. Participants who completed a prior assessment were more likely to complete the 12 month assessment (both prior assessments: OR 10.7, p < 0.001; 6 month assessment: OR 6.01, p < 0.001; and 1 month assessment: OR 1.8, p = 0.002).ConclusionThe underrepresentation of younger participants and those identifying to be Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander may limit the generalisability of findings. Findings suggest that inclusion of multiple contacts during a trial follow up period may increase retention at the final assessment. Interventions to improve retention, overall and for those sub-groups less likely to be retained, in smoking trials involving persons with a mental illness are needed. Further assessment of sample characteristics, and also trial design factors, associated with retention in this field is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Factors associated with retention in a smoking cessation trial for persons with a mental illness: a descriptive study

Metse

Hizam

Wiggers

et al. 2018

BMC Med Res Methodol

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“…Illustrating a consensus regarding the need to consider and address the issue of low retention in clinical and health behaviour trials: the inclusion of items on participant retention in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement,28 29 and prioritisation of trial methodology research to develop novel approaches to increase retention in randomised trials 30 31. In addition, the emergence of recent systematic reviews examining retention rates in health behaviour studies32–36 and publication of retention data from high quality randomised trials37–39 indicates increased interest in the topic of retention and a recognition of its importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of retention of persons with a mental health disorder in outpatient smoking cessation and reduction trials, and associated factors: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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IntroductionSmoking among persons with a mental health disorder is associated with inequitable health, social and economic burden. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard design for the assessment of healthcare intervention efficacy/effectiveness. However, many RCTs of smoking interventions for persons with a mental health disorder lack rigour due to low participant retention. No systematic review has pooled retention rates in randomised trials of smoking interventions for persons with a mental health disorder or explored associated factors. The aims of the systematic review will therefore be to: (1) summarise overall rates of participant retention in smoking cessation and reduction trials involving persons with a mental health disorder (including for experimental and control groups separately) and (2) determine if retention rates vary according to participant, environmental, researcher and study factors.Methods and analysisPsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL and The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Review Group Specialised Register will be searched for reports of RCTs of outpatient smoking cessation or reduction interventions for adults with a mental health disorder. The search terms will include MeSH terms and free text words, and there will be no language or date restrictions. All databases will be searched from inception to present. Data will be analysed using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model, and where substantial heterogeneity (I2>50%) is detected, DerSimonian & Laird inverse-variance random effects model. Pooled estimates and 95% CIs will be calculated for overall participant retention rates and for intervention and control trial arms separately. Associations between participant retention and participant, environmental, researcher and study factors will be assessed via subgroup analyses and, where sufficient data are obtained, meta-regression.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethical approval. The findings of this review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed open access medical journal and presentations at international scientific meetings.

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“…Previous studies have found several factors to be associated with lower attrition rates, including older participant age, being followed up by telephone call, smoking relapse or failure to reduce smoking levels. (11) To reduce dropout rates in future studies, strategies to engage younger participants should be followed and reassurances given to participants that smoking behaviour should not influence ongoing participation in the study. (11) When participants are followed up by telephone calls, researchers should work flexible hours, so that those who are employed can be contacted during regular working hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(11) To reduce dropout rates in future studies, strategies to engage younger participants should be followed and reassurances given to participants that smoking behaviour should not influence ongoing participation in the study. (11) When participants are followed up by telephone calls, researchers should work flexible hours, so that those who are employed can be contacted during regular working hours. (11) At our centre, we have reduced fees for follow-up appointments to reduce the financial load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(11) When participants are followed up by telephone calls, researchers should work flexible hours, so that those who are employed can be contacted during regular working hours. (11) At our centre, we have reduced fees for follow-up appointments to reduce the financial load. In our study, participants commencing the programme were counselled that attending at least one follow-up was mandatory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of a pharmacy-led smoking cessation clinic in a dermatology centre

Cheng¹,

Liu²,

Chua³

et al. 2019

smedj

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Factors associated with study attrition in a pilot randomised controlled trial to explore the role of exercise-assisted reduction to stop (EARS) smoking in disadvantaged groups

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Factors associated with retention in a smoking cessation trial for persons with a mental illness: a descriptive study

Factors associated with retention in a smoking cessation trial for persons with a mental illness: a descriptive study

Rates of retention of persons with a mental health disorder in outpatient smoking cessation and reduction trials, and associated factors: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Impact of a pharmacy-led smoking cessation clinic in a dermatology centre

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