Factors Associated With Successful MRI Scanning in Unsedated Young Children

Thieba, Camilia; Frayne, Ashleigh; Walton, Matthew; Mah, Alyssa; Benischek, Alina; Dewey, Deborah; Lebel, Catherine

doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00146

Cited by 84 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although we monitored infant behavior and parental comfort throughout, these casual observations were not predictive of future scanning success. Mock scanning can be helpful in children older than two years 31,32 , although not always 33 . Indeed, our experience with infants has been that success is primarily determined by factors that are variable from session to session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-imagining fMRI for awake behaving infants

et al. 2020

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Thousands of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have provided important insight into the human brain. However, only a handful of these studies tested infants while they were awake, because of the significant and unique methodological challenges involved. We report our efforts to address these challenges, with the goal of creating methods for awake infant fMRI that can reveal the inner workings of the developing, preverbal mind. We use these methods to collect and analyze two fMRI datasets obtained from infants during cognitive tasks, released publicly with this paper. In these datasets, we explore and evaluate data quantity and quality, task-evoked activity, and preprocessing decisions. We disseminate these methods by sharing two software packages that integrate infant-friendly cognitive tasks and eye-gaze monitoring with fMRI acquisition and analysis. These resources make fMRI a feasible and accessible technique for cognitive neuroscience in awake and behaving human infants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-imagining fMRI for awake behaving infants

et al. 2020

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“…As a result, clinically indicated magnetic resonance studies in children over 2 years of age are often done under general anaesthesia which would not be appropriate for research studies. Therefore in these children, other strategies have been explored to reduce anxiety, including mock‐scanner training sessions or a premeeting with the child and family to talk through the MRI process . Although children under 2 years of age may settle with oral sedation, this is less commonly done for research MRI scans because of increasing concerns about possible neurotoxicity .…”

Section: Advances In Fetal and Neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore in these children, other strategies have been explored to reduce anxiety, including mock-scanner training sessions or a premeeting with the child and family to talk through the MRI process. 94 Although children under 2 years of age may settle with oral sedation, this is less commonly done for research MRI scans because of increasing concerns about possible neurotoxicity. 95 In this situation, coordinating with sleep, nap, or feeding times and modifying the magnetic resonance acquisition sequences to reduce sudden noise and/or volume may help avoid the use of sedation.…”

Section: Imaging Infants and Toddlersmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approaches to studying early brain development in Down syndrome

Baburamani

Patkee

Arichi

et al. 2019

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Down syndrome is the most common genetic developmental disorder in humans and is caused by partial or complete triplication of human chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). It is a complex condition which results in multiple lifelong health problems, including varying degrees of intellectual disability and delays in speech, memory, and learning. As both length and quality of life are improving for individuals with Down syndrome, attention is now being directed to understanding and potentially treating the associated cognitive difficulties and their underlying biological substrates. These have included imaging and postmortem studies which have identified decreased regional brain volumes and histological anomalies that accompany early onset dementia. In addition, advances in genome‐wide analysis and Down syndrome mouse models are providing valuable insight into potential targets for intervention that could improve neurogenesis and long‐term cognition. As little is known about early brain development in human Down syndrome, we review recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging that allow non‐invasive visualization of brain macro‐ and microstructure, even in utero. It is hoped that together these advances may enable Down syndrome to become one of the first genetic disorders to be targeted by antenatal treatments designed to ‘normalize’ brain development. What this paper adds Magnetic resonance imaging can provide non‐invasive characterization of early brain development in Down syndrome. Down syndrome mouse models enable study of underlying pathology and potential intervention strategies. Potential therapies could modify brain structure and improve early cognitive levels. Down syndrome may be the first genetic disorder to have targeted therapies which alter antenatal brain development.

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“…Although we monitored infant behavior and parental comfort throughout, these casual observations were not predictive of future scanning success. Mock scanning can be helpful in children older than two years 21,22 , although not always 23 . Indeed, our experience with infants has been that success is primarily determined by factors that are variable from session to session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to read a baby’s mind: Re-imagining fMRI for awake, behaving infants

Ellis

Skalaban

Yates

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Thousands of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have provided important insight into the human brain. However, only a handful of these studies tested infants while they were awake, because of the significant and unique methodological challenges involved. We report our efforts over the past five years to address these challenges, with the goal of creating methods for infant fMRI that can reveal the inner workings of the developing, preverbal mind. We use these methods to collect and analyze two fMRI datasets obtained from infants during cognitive tasks, released publicly with this paper. In these datasets, we explore data quantity and quality, task-evoked activity, and preprocessing decisions to derive and evaluate recommendations for infant fMRI. We disseminate these methods by sharing two software packages that integrate infant-friendly cognitive tasks and behavioral monitoring with fMRI acquisition and analysis. These resources make fMRI a feasible and accessible technique for cognitive neuroscience in human infants.

show abstract

Factors Associated With Successful MRI Scanning in Unsedated Young Children

Cited by 84 publications

References 22 publications

Re-imagining fMRI for awake behaving infants

Re-imagining fMRI for awake behaving infants

New approaches to studying early brain development in Down syndrome

How to read a baby’s mind: Re-imagining fMRI for awake, behaving infants

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