Factors Associated with Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Analysis of Nine Hundred Forty-Six Peruvian Neurologic Patients

Garcı́a, Héctor H.; Gilman, Robert H.; Tovar, Marco A.; Flores, Enrique; Jo, Roberto; Tsang, Victor C. W.; Diaz, Fernando; Torres, Patricia; Miranda, Elba

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.145

Cited by 55 publications

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“…4,8,11 However, the earlier studies have focused on the prevalence of cysticercosis in rural areas and communities with lower socio-economic status. [8][9][10][11] These studies reported a seroprevalence of human cysticercosis of 8% in Peru, 4 10.8% in Mexico, 8 and from 10% to 17% in Guatemala. 11 Our study demonstrates a high background rate of seropositivity for cysticercosis, 3.8%, among an urban, middle to upper-middle class population, suggesting that socioeconomic status does not seem to mitigate against seropositivity in a region that is hyperendemic for T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8][9][10][11] The only predictive sociologic factor was increased crowding among affected families. Of the neurologic symptoms in Table 5, only the incidence of seizures showed a statistically significant difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors for neurocysticercosis demonstrated in studies from Mexico and Peru are 1) porcine husbandry, 2) an age of 20 years or older, 3) recollection of passing tapeworm proglottids (taeniasis), and 4) a family member with taeniasis. [8][9][10][11] There are no data on the family members of patients with neurocysticercosis who are likely to be at higher risk of cysticercosis or taeniasis and may be an appropriate target population for preventive strategies.…”

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Case-control study of seropositivity for cysticercosis in Cuenca, Ecuador.

Goodman¹,

Ballagh²,

Carpio³

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The prevalence of neurocysticercosis has been well documented in rural communities in Latin America using the enzyme-linked inmmunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay. We studied the prevalence of neurocysticercosis in an urban, upper-middle class population in Cuenca, Ecuador. Family members of 34 index cases with parenchymal neurocysticercosis on a computed tomography (CT) scan and family members of 14 patients who had normal CT scans after a trauma or migraine were enrolled in the study. Serum was obtained from 226 individuals, 173 (72%) from the case families and 67 (28%) from the control families. Twelve percent of the case family members and 4% of the control family members were seropositive by the EITB assay. This was a statistically significant difference (P Ͻ 0.05) when age and education were held constant by logistic regression. Seropositivity was not related to age. No neurologic symptom proved predictive of serostatus and the only demographic variable that correlated with seropositivity was increased crowding. Positive serology in index cases did correlate with CT findings as follows: 86% of patients with active lesions, 67% with transitional lesions, and only 41% of patients with inactive lesions were positive by the EITB assay. Eighteen percent of family members with a positive EITB test result had parenchymal lesions on a subsequent CT scan. This study demonstrates a high rate of seropositivity of cysticercosis among urban, middle to upper-middle class individuals in a region endemic for Taenia solium. Household contacts of patients with neurocysticercosis had a three-fold higher risk of positive serology for cysticercosis, in comparison with controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case-control study of seropositivity for cysticercosis in Cuenca, Ecuador.

Goodman¹,

Ballagh²,

Carpio³

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…While other cloned proteins function as immunodiagnostic proteins, such as NC-9 and the T. solium 10-kDa protein, there is an advantage to targeting the diagnostic proteins of an antigen mixture that has been used successfully around the world for more than 10 years. These proteins have a track record of success when used for immunodiagnosis, with a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 100% (6,12,13,40,42,46). Because it is known that the native proteins are glycoproteins, the one concern is the potential contribution of the carbohydrate moiety to the antibody response observed in cysticercosis patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the 8-Kilodalton Antigens of Taenia solium Metacestodes and Evaluation of Their Use in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis

et al. 2003

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The Western blot for cysticercosis, which uses lentil lectin purified glycoprotein (LLGP) antigens extracted from the metacestode of Taenia solium, has been the "gold standard" serodiagnostic assay since it was first described in 1989. We report that the diagnostic antigens at 14, 18, and 21 kDa, as well as some larger disulfide-bonded antigens, are actually all members of a very closely related family of proteins, the 8-kDa antigens. The genes for 18 unique, mature proteins have been identified. Nine of these were chemically synthesized and tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a battery of defined serum samples, including 32 cysticercosis-positive serum samples reactive with the 8-kDa antigens of LLGP on Western blotting, 34 serum samples from patients with other parasitic infections, and 15 normal human serum samples. One of the 8-kDa antigens, TsRS1, is 100% sensitive and 100% specific. TsRS1 will be one component of a cocktail of three to four synthetic or recombinant antigens, based on the diagnostic bands of the Western blot, which will be used for the serodiagnosis of cysticercosis.

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“…Domestic pig raising with poor animal husbandry 5 is by far the most important of these factors. [9][10][11] The risks associated with this activity, however, are difficult to estimate because of confluent factors that include poor sanitary conditions, and poor knowledge of the parasite life cycle, resulting in sustained consumption of infested pork. 12 This study, performed in a cysticercosis-endemic zone, demonstrates that food handlers who specialize in pork preparation are especially at risk for infection with both T. solium intestinal tapeworms as well as larval tissue cysts (cysticercosis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased prevalence of cysticercosis and taeniasis among professional fried pork vendors and the general population of a village in the Peruvian highlands. Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru.

Garcı́a

Aráoz

Gilman

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Two different populations in Saylla, a Peruvian village near Cusco, known for chicharrones, a local pork dish, were surveyed by serology and stool examination to determine the prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of Taenia solium infection. Group I (n ϭ 43), the chicharroneros, were members of families professionally devoted to the making and selling of chicharrones, and Group II (n ϭ 102) was a sample of the general population of the same village. Unlike people in Group I, general villagers only occasionally prepare or sell this food product, and then only to their neighbors or relatives. The prevalence of taeniasis was extremely high (8.6%) for the chicharroneros and 3% for the general villagers. Seroprevalence for cysticercosis by immunoblot was similarly high in both groups (23.3% and 23.8%, respectively). Being female, older than 30, and having daily contact with pork were factors strongly associated with a positive serologic result for cysticercosis in the chicharroneros, whereas males were more frequently seropositive in the general villagers group. Antibody reaction to more antigen bands in immunoblots and neurologic symptoms were more common among the chicharroneros. Also, in the general villagers group, seroprevalence increased with each exposure factor, ranging from 9.4% in individuals who did not raise pigs to 50% in the small subgroup that raised pigs, butchered their own animals, sold pork, and sold chicharrones, suggesting that these activities are related to increased risk for tapeworm or larval infection.Cysticercosis, an infection by the larval stage of Taenia solium, is endemic in many developing countries, 1,2 The life cycle of T. solium includes pigs as the normal intermediate hosts, harboring the larval vesicles or cysticerci, and humans as the definitive host, harboring the adult form or tapeworm (taeniasis). Humans can also serve as the intermediate host and develop the cystic form by accidental ingestion of Taenia eggs. 3 Human cysticercosis frequently affects the central nervous system and is a major cause of acquired epilepsy. [2][3][4] Porcine cysticercosis causes important economic losses because of condemnation of infested pork. 5 In rural communities of developing countries, poor sanitation and lack of veterinary control provides the conditions (presence of pigs and humans, and fecal contamination) to sustain the life cycle of T. solium. Domestic rearing of pigs is an essential part of the economy of subsistence farmers because pigs are easy to buy and sell, cheaper than other livestock, and if raised free-ranging, require little or no investment in feed. However, this kind of informal pig husbandry not only allows pigs to be exposed to fecal contamination but also permits their uncontrolled slaughtering, bypassing the official slaughter system and resulting in public sale of infested pork, albeit at much lower prices than noninfected pork. 5,6 In Latin American, where cysticercosis is endemic, many *Other members of the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru are M.

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Factors Associated with Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Analysis of Nine Hundred Forty-Six Peruvian Neurologic Patients

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Case-control study of seropositivity for cysticercosis in Cuenca, Ecuador.

Case-control study of seropositivity for cysticercosis in Cuenca, Ecuador.

Characterization of the 8-Kilodalton Antigens of Taenia solium Metacestodes and Evaluation of Their Use in an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis

Increased prevalence of cysticercosis and taeniasis among professional fried pork vendors and the general population of a village in the Peruvian highlands. Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru.

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