Factors Associated With the Concentration of Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat

Abstract

Background: The abdominal adipose tissue has deposits of subcutaneous and visceral fat, which, in excess, provides different risks to metabolic and hemodynamic changes.Objective: Assess factors associated with the concentration of visceral and subcutaneous fat. Methods:Case series study involving 109 overweight outpatients in the Brazilian northeast. Visceral and subcutaneous fat was assessed by CT scans. Demographic and clinical covariates, lifestyle and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. Results:The average age was 50.3 (± 12.2) years. Men showed a higher concentration of visceral fat compared to women (p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of arterial hypertension (AH), higher BMI and lower intake of protective food among men was associated with the highest concentration of visceral fat (adjusted R 2 : 46.4%) and AH, a higher education (in years), a higher BMI and lower consumption of oils and fats were significantly associated with subcutaneous fat (adjusted R 2 : 88.6%). For women, age, AH, high BMI and alcohol consumption were associated with VAT (adjusted R 2 =17.6%) and high BMI, high education, a higher consumption of fatty and processed meats and a lower consumption of simple carbohydrates were associated with SAT (adjusted R 2 : 69.3%). Conclusion:Multiple different factors determine and their complex inter-relationships determine the amount of visceral and subcutaneous fat in men and women. sufficiently investigated [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. There are still important gaps in the profile composition of subjects with a higher risk of visceral obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with the concentration of visceral and subcutaneous fat. MethodsData derive from case series study with exploratory analysis developed in a nutrition clinic of a public university hospital, a reference in cardiology, in the Brazilian northeast. It involved overweight individuals from both sexes and with ≥ 20 years of age. In this clinic, patients are predominantly individuals with chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndromes and dyslipidemia. The sample size was calculated using as reference a standard deviation (s) of 123.5 cm 2 for the VAT area with an error margin of 6% (d=23.8 cm , the minimum sample size was 104 individuals. In order to correct eventual losses, the sample "n" was fixed at 10% [100/ (100-90)], totaling 116 individuals. The sample consisted of voluntary participation of patients during their first consultation. Individuals with ascites, recent abdominal surgery, pregnant women and women who had children up to 6 months before the screening were excluded. Individuals with physical disabilities (amputation of limbs) were also

The Impact of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt on Nutrition in Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Systematic Review

“…The venous drainage of VAT occurs directly via the portal circulation to the liver. Therefore, changes in portal circulation subsequent to TIPS placement may enhance the availability of these fat deposits to be metabolized as energy sources by the liver [ 39 , 40 ]. Additionally, increased circulating levels of adipokines have been observed post-TIPS placement, potentially reflecting anabolic changes that contribute to the alterations in adipose tissue observed in patients undergoing TIPS [ 30 ].…”

The Impact of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt on Nutrition in Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Systematic Review

“…The venous drainage of VAT occurs directly via the portal circulation to the liver. Therefore, changes in portal circulation subsequent to TIPS placement may enhance the availability of these fat deposits to be metabolized as energy sources by the liver [37,38]. Additionally, increased circulating levels of adipokines have been observed post-TIPS placement, potentially reflecting anabolic changes that contribute to the alterations in adipose tissue observed in patients undergoing TIPS [30].…”

Lipid Accumulation Product as an Index for Visceral Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk among a Sample of Obese Egyptian Women

“…It is considered as a leading risk factor for CVD [28]. High levels of visceral fat were observed in males and females suffering from arterial hypertension [2].…”

“…Approximately 80% of all body fat is distributed subcutaneously, accumulated largely at gluteo-femoral regions, at the back and at anterior abdominal wall. The visceral fat represents only 10-20% of the total amount of fat in male and 5-8% in females [2]. Abdominal obesity, in particularly high visceral fat, plays a crucial role in the evolution of metabolic and CVD independent of generalized obesity [3].…”