Factors associated with the incidence of patient falls in hospitals: A scoping review

Abstract

When a patient falls within a hospital setting, there is a significant increase in the risk of severe injury or health complications. Recognizing factors associated with such falls is crucial to mitigate their impact on patient safety. This review seeks to analyze the factors contributing to patient falls in hospitals. The main goal is to enhance our understanding of the reasons behind these falls, enabling hospitals to devise more effective prevention strategies. This study reviewed literature published from 2013 to 2022, using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology for a scoping review. The research literature was searched from seven databases, namely, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Library, Garuda, Global Index Medicus, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria comprised both qualitative and quantitative primary and secondary data studies centered on hospitalized patients. Out of the 893 studies analyzed, 23 met the criteria and were included in this review. Although there is not an abundance of relevant literature, this review identified several factors associated with falls in hospitals. These encompass environmental, patient, staff, and medical factors. This study offers valuable insights for hospitals and medical personnel aiming to enhance fall prevention practices. Effective prevention efforts should prioritize early identification of patient risk factors, enhancement of the care environment, thorough training for care staff, and vigilant supervision of high-risk patients. By comprehending the factors that contribute to patient falls, hospitals can bolster patient safety and mitigate the adverse effects of falls within the health-care setting.