Factors associated with the presence of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot–cattle water and feed in the Midwestern USA

Sargeant, Jan M.; Sanderson, Michael W.; Griffin, Dicky D.; Smith, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.09.006

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Further, risks identified for presence of E. coli O157 in feed in a subset of these feedlots (24) do not parallel risks for elevated coliform counts identified in this study. Neither do risks identified for the presence of E. coli O157 in water (24) parallel the risks associated with water coliform levels in this study. We also found no significant relationship between feed or water coliform count and fecal prevalence of E. coli O157 within the pen.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…If fecal contamination and high coliform levels are a sporadic event, then fecal E. coli O157 shedding would likely occur several days after the contamination, and any association would only be detected by a longitudinal study. In previous work, Sargeant et al (24) found no relationship between feed E. coli O157 and fecal E. coli O157, perhaps due to temporal issues. A longitudinal study of feedlots and the temporal appearance of coliforms and E. coli O157 in feed, water, and feces may be more appropriate to assess this relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…With the recent finding of a relatively high prevalence of E. coli O157 in feed (2) and the common presence of E. coli O157 in water sources (7,11,16,19,21,24), we hypothesized that management factors associated with coliform counts in feed and water would also be associated with presence of E. coli O157 in feedstuffs and water and serve as an indicator organism to guide management decisions in an overall feed safety and security program…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feed was collected and cultured as part of a cross-sectional survey on management associations with E. coli O157 in feedlots (22,23,24), and the sensitivity of detection of E. coli O157 in feed samples (6). Feed E. coli O157 culture results were only obtained on a subsample of the data reported here (504 pens, 54 feedlots).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Associated with the Presence of Coliforms in the Feed and Water of Feedlot Cattle

Sanderson

Sargeant

Renter

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The objective of this study was to investigate coliform counts in feedlot cattle water and feed rations and their associations with management, climate, fecal material, and water Escherichia coli O157 using a cross-sectional study design. Coliform counts were performed on feed samples from 671 pens on 70 feedlots and on water samples from 702 pens on 72 feedlots in four U.S. states collected between May and August 2001. Management and climate factors were obtained by survey and observation. Month of sampling (higher in May and June), presence of corn silage in the ration (negative association), temperature of the feed 1 in. (ca. 2.5 cm) below the surface at the time of sampling (negative association), and wind velocity at the time of sampling (positive association) were significantly associated with log 10 coliform levels in feed. Month of sampling (lower in May versus June July and August), water pH (negative association), and water total solids (positive association) were significantly associated with log 10 water coliform levels. Coliform counts in feed and water were not associated with prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle feces or water. Management risk factors must be interpreted with caution but the results reported here do not support the use of coliform counts as a marker for E. coli O157 contamination of feed or water.Coliform bacteria, including Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp., are considered to be an indicator of fecal contamination in feed and water. As such they may be an indicator of contamination of feed and water with fecally transmitted food-borne disease agents such as E. coli O157 and Salmonella spp. The epidemiology and ecology of Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157 suggest fecal contamination of feed or water may be a possible source of exposure to cattle on farm (5, 6, 29). On-farm control efforts have received considerable attention and disease modeling suggests that decreased shedding in feces could decrease beef contamination with E. coli O157 (14). If feed and water are a significant source of exposure for cattle to potential food-borne pathogens, on-farm control efforts to decrease fecal prevalence will need to account for feed and water contamination through a feed and water safety and security program.Salmonellae have been commonly found in feed, but until recently Escherichia coli O157 had only been found rarely in cattle feed (5,9,11,12,25). E. coli O157 has been shown experimentally to survive and even replicate in moistened feed at room temperature, and replication of generic fecal E. coli has also been demonstrated in livestock feeds (17). Escherichia coli O157 have recently been detected in significant numbers of feed samples in a study to assess the effects of culture techniques on isolation of E. coli O157 from feed (6). E. coli O157 has been commonly found in water sources, including tanks and ponds, and free-flowing streams (7,11,16,21). In an experimental water microcosm model, E. coli O157 survived for at least 245 days (15).We hypothesized that if ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Associated with the Presence of Coliforms in the Feed and Water of Feedlot Cattle

Sanderson

Sargeant

Renter

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Therefore, the procedure should be closely monitored. Furthermore, Sheridan (1998) suggests that state of trough interventions (Cray and Moon, 1995;Faith et al, 1996;Galland et al, 2001;Schrezenmeir and de Vrese, 2001;Smith et al, 2001;Crump et al, 2002;Daniels et al, 2003, LeJeune et al, 2004Sargeant et al, 2004;Davis et al, 2005;Mora et al, 2005;Wetzel and LeJeune, 2006;Woerner et al, 2006;Sheng et al, 2006). The parallel and simultaneous application of one or more pre-slaughter strategies has the potential to synergistically reduce the incidence of human food-borne diseases by erecting multiple hurdles, thus preventing entry of pathogens into the food chain (Callaway et al, 2004).…”

Section: Meat Safety Management In Slaughterhouses -The Eu Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcass decontamination methods in slaughterhouses: a review

Milios

Drosinos

Zoiopoulos

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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European Union legislation approach to meat safety assurance advocates use of strict preventive hygiene measures and procedures to overcome threats by pathogens. Therefore, there is no need for carcass decontamination at the last stage of slaughtering process, using intervention methods. In contrast, the United States permit and regulate intervention decontamination methods. Generally, a HACCP system may use intervention treatments. These may be based solely on a non intervention system or use a combination of both. Interventions have the advantage of achieving a consistent reduction in bacterial contamination and require less manual input, but on the other hand, may also lead to carcass discolouration, produce large quantities of waste water and be relatively expensive. Moreover, intervention methods could constitute a means of concealing poor hygiene conditions during slaughtering or, even more, their residues could be a potential hazard for food safety. Non-intervention systems have the advantages of being relatively inexpensive, easy to implement and more preventive. However, these systems rely heavily on human effort and the possibility for error is considerably higher than the intervention systems. There are many carcass decontamination methods, as described in the relevant literature and used in slaughterhouses worldwide, such as: (i) cold/warm water washing, (ii) hot water washing, (iii) steam vacuuming, (iv) steam pasteurization, (v) irradiation, (vi) organic acid application, (vii) combination of organic acid application with other decontamination treatments and (viii) other chemical treatments. Aim of this review is to provide information on the relevant literature, as well as describe and Ncomment on the questions raised.

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Microbial pathogen quality criteria of rendered products

Pandey

Biswas

Kass

2016

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The North American rendering industry processes approximately 24 million metric tons (Mt) of raw materials and produces more than 8 million Mt of rendered products. More than 85 % of rendered products produced annually in the USA are used for producing animal feed. Pathogen contamination in rendered products is an important and topical issue. Although elevated temperatures (115-140 °C) for 40-90 min during the standard rendering processes are mathematically sufficient to completely destroy commonly found pathogens, the presence of pathogens in rendered products has nevertheless been reported. Increased concern over the risk of microbial contamination in rendered products may require additional safeguards for producing pathogen-free rendered products. This study provides an overview of rendered products, existing microbial pathogen quality criteria of rendered products (MPQCR), limitations, and the scope of improving the MPQCR.

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Factors associated with the presence of Escherichia coli O157 in feedlot–cattle water and feed in the Midwestern USA

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Factors Associated with the Presence of Coliforms in the Feed and Water of Feedlot Cattle

Factors Associated with the Presence of Coliforms in the Feed and Water of Feedlot Cattle

Carcass decontamination methods in slaughterhouses: a review

Microbial pathogen quality criteria of rendered products

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