Factors Associated With Tobacco Smoking Among Male Adolescents: the Role of Psychologic, Behavioral, and Demographic Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Tobacco smoking among adolescents has been a concern for researchers and health organizations in recent years. However, predisposing factors to smoking initiation among Iranian adolescents are not well recognized. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and to investigate the role of psychologic, behavioral, and demographic risk factors in adolescents' smoking status. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 810 male adolescents recruited through cluster random sampling method in Hamadan in 2014. The participants received a self-administered questionnaire that contained questions about tobacco smoking behavior and demographic, behavioral, and psychologic variables. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 through independent-samples t test, Chi square, and logistic regression. Results: A total of 139 persons (17.1%) were tobacco smoker and the mean (SD) age at smoking initiation was 13.7 (2.2) years. Sense of need, decreasing stress, having a smoker friend, and inability to reject smoking suggestion were common reasons associated with tobacco smoking (P < 0.05). In addition, statistically significant differences between tobacco smokers and nonsmokers were found in the age, grade, mother's job, and education (P < 0.05). In comparison to non-smokers, tobacco smokers evaluated a typical smoker as less immature, more popular, more attractive, more self-confident, more independent, and less selfish person (P < 0.05). Conclusions:The results showed that the effect of several psychosocial, behavioral, and demographic risk factors on adolescents' smoking status. Thus, design and implementation of interventions based on the results of the present study may be effective in preventing tobacco smoking among adolescents.

Determinants of Tobacco and Hookah Smoking in a Nationally Representative Sample of Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV Study

“…With the participation of trained teams of expert health care providers, all processes of examinations and inquiry follow under standard protocols of the world health organization-global school-based student health survey ( 10 ). The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed in a previous study ( 12 ).…”

“…A study of middle-school students in the U.S. underscored the independent role of seeing tobacco use in films in the initiation of smoking by adolescents ( 9 ). In a study in Iran, age, grade, the mother’s job, and education had statistically significant differences between tobacco smokers and nonsmokers ( 10 ).…”

Predicting Prevention of Cigarette Smoking in Youth: Using Multi-Theory Model (MTM)

“…Cigarette smoking (CS) is one of the leading causes of cancers and provides areas for heart arrest, respiratory infections, peptic ulcers, and depression [1]. Even smoking a cigarette daily increases the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease [2].…”

“…This theory examines and tests behavior change from cognitive, semantic, and environmental aspects [13]. The results of studies on CS show that the prevalence of this negative health behavior among young people is high and In general, it is important to note that epidemiological studies identify the determinants of high-risk behaviors such as CS and water-pipe smoking, and examine these determinants before designing and implementing interventions [1,16]. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prediction of MTM to understand the prevention CS behavior in youth in 2019.…”

Prevalence of Tobacco use and Predictors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from Kong Cohort Study in the South of Iran

“…Before developing any effective intervention, there is a need for epidemiological investigations aiming to identify the risky behaviors associated with TU [16]. Moreover, there are certain intra-and intergeographical differences in terms of the prevalence of TU [17].…”