Factors associated with unawareness of HIV-positive status in urban Ethiopia: Evidence from the Ethiopia population-based HIV impact assessment 2017-2018

Lulseged, Sileshi; Belete, Wudinesh; Ahmed, Jelaludin; Gelibo, Terefe; Teklie, Habtamu; West, Christine; Melaku, Zenebe; Demissie, Minilik; Farhani, Mansoor; Eshetu, Frehywot; Birhanu, Sehin; Getaneh, Yimam; Patel, Hetal; Voetsch, Andrew C.; Team, Ephia Study

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255163

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In contrast, people with newly-diagnosed HIV did not differ in condom usage from those without HIV. Our findings corroborate those from, a populationbased impact survey in Ethiopia [26] and a systemic review and meta-analysis of studies in the United States and Canada [9] that showed an association between knowledge of HIV status and more frequent condom use. This finding points to the impact of knowing one's HIV status on sexual behaviors and explains yet another pathway by which early HIV diagnosis potentially reduces transmission.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The number of PLWH was 196, which reflected an overall HIV prevalence of 18.5%, with the highest prevalence being observed in Kisumu City and the areas immediately to its west (Fig 1). As compared to people living without HIV (PLWOH), PLWH were more likely to be female (73.0% vs. 46.0%, p<0.001) and tended to be older (median 29 [IQR 26-31] vs. 24 [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] years, p<0.001). PLWH and PLWOH reported a similar total number of sexual partners in the preceding three months (median 3 [IQR 1-7] and 3 [IQR 2-6] partners, respectively, p = 0.128).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As compared to PLWOH, participants with newly-diagnosed HIV were more often females (59.0% vs. 41.0%, p = 0.029) and tended to be older (median 29 [IQR 26-31] vs. 24 [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] years, p<0.001). Participants with newly-diagnosed HIV reported similar monthly income to PLWOH (median 9000 [IQR 4000-15000] vs. 9000 [5000-15000] Kenyan shillings, p = 0.897).…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV prevalence and awareness among adults presenting for enrolment into a study of people at risk for HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

Sing’oei,

Nwoga,

Yates

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Despite declines in new HIV diagnoses both globally and in Kenya, parts of Western Kenya still report high HIV prevalence and incidence. We evaluated HIV prevalence to inform the development of policies for strategic and targeted HIV prevention interventions. Methods Adult participants aged 18–35 years were recruited in Kisumu County and screened for HIV for a prospective HIV incidence cohort. Questionnaires assessed HIV-associated risk behaviors. Participants who tested positive for HIV were disaggregated into groups based on prior knowledge of their HIV status: previously-diagnosed and newly-diagnosed. In separate analyses by prior knowledge, robust Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors potentially associated with a positive HIV test in each group, as compared to participants without HIV. Results Of 1059 participants tested for HIV, 196 (18.5%) had a positive HIV test. Among PLWH, 78 (39.8%) were newly diagnosed with HIV at screening. After adjusting for other variables, previously-diagnosed HIV was more common among females than males (PR 2.70, 95%CI 1.69–4.28), but there was no observed sex difference in newly-diagnosed HIV prevalence (PR 1.05, 95%CI 0.65–1.69). Previously-diagnosed HIV was also more common among people reporting consistent use of condoms with primary sexual partners as compared to inconsistent condom use (PR 3.19, 95%CI 2.09–4.86), but newly-diagnosed HIV was not associated with such a difference between consistent and inconsistent condom use (PR 0.73, 95%CI 0.25–2.10). Conclusion Prevalence of newly-diagnosed HIV was high, at approximately 8% of participants, and not statistically different between genders, highlighting the need for improved HIV case finding regardless of sex. The higher prevalence of previously-diagnosed HIV in female participants may reflect higher rates of HIV testing through more encounters with the healthcare system. Higher prevalence of consistent condom use amongst those previously-diagnosed suggests behavioral change to reduce HIV transmission, a potential benefit of policies to facilitate earlier HIV diagnosis.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Characteristics Of Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV prevalence and awareness among adults presenting for enrolment into a study of people at risk for HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

Sing’oei,

Nwoga,

Yates

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…At the individual level, factors such as knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitudes toward testing, and perceived stigma play a crucial role in determining one's awareness of their HIV status [8,9]. Additionally, individual characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, education, and socioeconomic status may also influence awareness levels [10][11][12][13][14]. Moving beyond the individual level factors, interpersonal factors within households can significantly impact HIV-positive status awareness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with HIV-positive status awareness among adults with long term HIV infection in four countries in the East and Southern Africa region: A multilevel approach

Nkambule,

Sambo,

Aydin

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Antiretroviral treatment (ART) appropriately and regularly used decreases the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load in the bloodstream, preventing HIV-infected people from spreading the infection to others. Disparities in ART adoption persists in East and Southern Africa, with low HIV-positive status knowledge being the primary factor. We investigated individual and household characteristics of HIV-positive status awareness among adults with long-term HIV infection in four East and Southern African countries: Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. The study analyzed data from surveys conducted in Eswatini, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe in 2015–2016. Only individuals who tested positive for HIV through rapid tests were included in the analysis. Those who already knew they were HIV-positive were categorized as aware, while those who reported being negative, never tested, or didn’t know their status were categorized as unaware. Statistical models were used to examine various factors related to HIV awareness. Pooled and country-specific odds ratios were computed. The percentage of people who knew they had HIV ranged from 58% (Tanzania and Malawi) to 87% (Eswatini). After adjusting for other variables, young persons in all countries were less likely to be aware of their HIV-positive status. Gender, marital status, education, working status, household wealth, and urbanization level of households were also associated with HIV-positive status awareness but inconsistent across countries. HIV-positive status awareness in these four East and Southern African nations remained unsatisfactory as compared to the United Nations’ 95% guideline, indicating that testing and knowledge of HIV testing in this region still has a lot of potential for improvement. The observed variations among nations may be attributable to differences in HIV pandemic culture and policies. The findings of this study will assist governments determining which subpopulations to target to boost adoption of HIV testing services, as well as in designing and development of policies.

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“…Although chronic hepatitis B, C, and alcoholism-related CLD 17 , 18 and HIV infection 19 are common in Ethiopia, no scientific study has been conducted to evaluate the prevalence of HIV and its co-infection with HBV or HCV among CLD patients in Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of HIV and its co-infection with HBV and HCV among CLD patients in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HIV and Its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B/C Virus Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Ethiopia

Tassachew¹,

Abebe²,

Belyhun³

et al. 2022

HMER

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Background The efficient use of antiretroviral drugs has significantly reduced AIDS-related morbidities and mortalities; however, mortality due to non-AIDS-related end-stage liver diseases is escalating in those living with HIV. Objective The study was designed to determine the prevalence of HIV and its co-infection with HBV and HCV among chronic liver disease (CLD) patients in Ethiopia. Methods Three hundred and forty-five CLD patients were included in this study in two groups: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n=128) and non-HCC (n=217) patients. The non-HCC group comprised patients with advanced liver disease (n=98) and chronic hepatitis (n=119). Enzyme immunoassays were used to determine HBV and HCV infection markers. In addition, a serial rapid HIV testing algorithm was employed to screen HIV infection. Results Regardless of the stage of liver disease, the overall frequency of HIV was 4.3% (15/345), with a 2% (7/345) and 0.3% (1/345) of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infection rate. Of all HIV-infected patients (n=15), 46.7% (7/15) and 6.7% (1/15) were co-infected with HBV (HBsAg + HBcAb + ) and HCV (anti-HCV + HCV-RNA + ), respectively, and 86.7% (13/15) exhibited a marker of HBV exposure (total HBcAb + ). Overall, the frequency of HIV and its co-infection with HBV was more noticeable among HCC than non-HCC patients [8.6% (11/128) vs 1.8 (4/217), p =0.005 and 3.9% (5/128) vs 0.9% (2/217), p =0.1]. The rate of HIV mono-infection was 3.9% (5/128) vs 0.9% (2/217) among HCC and non-HCC patients. Conclusion The frequency of HIV and its co-infections with HBV/HCV exhibited an increasing pattern with the severity of the liver disease. Thus, screening all HIV-positive patients for HBV and HCV infection and all CLD patients for HIV infection and taking necessary preventive measures would be an essential strategy to prevent the progression of CLD and death related to liver disease in people living with HIV.

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Factors associated with unawareness of HIV-positive status in urban Ethiopia: Evidence from the Ethiopia population-based HIV impact assessment 2017-2018

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

HIV prevalence and awareness among adults presenting for enrolment into a study of people at risk for HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

HIV prevalence and awareness among adults presenting for enrolment into a study of people at risk for HIV in Kisumu County, Western Kenya

Factors associated with HIV-positive status awareness among adults with long term HIV infection in four countries in the East and Southern Africa region: A multilevel approach

Prevalence of HIV and Its Co-Infection with Hepatitis B/C Virus Among Chronic Liver Disease Patients in Ethiopia

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