Factors Associated with Wuchereria bancrofti Microfilaremia in an Endemic Area of Mali

Abstract

Although (), the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis, is endemic throughout Mali, the prevalence of microfilaremia (Mf) can vary widely between villages despite similar prevalence of infection as assessed by circulating antigen. To examine this variation, cross-sectional data obtained during screening prior to an interventional study in two neighboring villages in Mali were analyzed. The overall prevalence of, as assessed by CAg (circulating antigen), was 50.3% among 373 participants, aged 14-65. Mf-positive and negative individuals appeared randomly distributed across the two villages (Moran's I spatial statistic = -0.01, Z score =0.1, P>0.05). Among the 187 subjects positive for CAg, 117 (62.5%) had detectable microfilaremia ( Mf) and 64 (34.2%) had detectable microfilaremia. The prevalence of microfilaremia was 73.4% in the Mf-positive group (as compared to 56.9% in the Mf-negative group; p=0.01), and median Mf load was increased in co-infected subjects (267Mf/ml vs 100 Mf/ml; p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, village of residence, Mf positivity and gender were significantly associated with Mf positivity. After controlling for age, gender, and village of residence, the odds of being Mf positive was 2.67 times higher in positive individuals (95% confidence interval [1.42-5.01]). Given the geographical overlap between and in Africa, a better understanding of the distribution and prevalence of could assist national lymphatic filariasis control programs in predicting areas of high Mf prevalence that may require closer surveillance.

Increased HIV Incidence in Wuchereria bancrofti Microfilaria Positive Individuals in Tanzania

“…These worms may live for 10 to 12 years and produce millions of microfilariae (MF) circulating in the blood during their lifetime. Microfilaremia is used to determine levels of endemicity and can help assess pre- and post-mass drug administration (MDA) transmission [ 3 , 4 ]. The Tanzanian National Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme (NLFEP) started MDA in 2000 in the coastal areas and in 2009 in the Mbeya region of Tanzania.…”

Inflammatory and regulatory CCL and CXCL chemokine and cytokine cellular responses in patients with patentMansonella perstansfilariasis

“…The control of lymphatic filariasis is based on annual mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin together with albendazole, which will clear blood-circulating microfilaria, and such intervention may also interrupt parasite transmission [4]. Mansonelliasis is often co-endemic with onchocerciasis [5,6] and lymphatic filariasis [7][8][9], and the Onchocerciasis Control Programs in Africa (OCP, 1974(OCP, -2002APOC, 1995APOC, -2015 have largely controlled onchocerciasis the disease burden through the MDA of ivermectin [10,11]. With the implementation MDA of ivermectin, for decades large populations have become permanently negative for microfilaria (Mf) of O. volvulus, but ivermectin alone will not clear Mf of M. perstans and chronic mansonelliasis will persist [2,5,7,12].…”