Factors concerned in the response of melanoblasts to estrogen in the Brown Leghorn fowl

Trinkaus, John Philip

doi:10.1002/jez.1401090109

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, after producing a variable number of generations of juvenile feathers, and at a time that varies from tract to tract, the feather follicle becomes responsive to the hormone and produces an adult type of feather of altered morphology. Similar considerations hold true for the pigmentation of the feather, either under the influence of the female sex hormone or thyroxin (Trinkaus, 1948(Trinkaus, , 1950. Differences of this kind are clearly an expression of differences in the degree of "maturity" or competence of the peripheral tissues (cj.…”

Section: Sensitivity To Chemical Agentsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Sensitive Periods During Development

Hamilton¹

1952

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Section: Sensitivity To Chemical Agentsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Sensitive Periods During Development

Hamilton¹

1952

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…They are smaller, globular granules compared to eumelanin and are soluble in alkaline solutions. 9 Pheomelanins also have different light absorbance and structural characteristics to eumelanins. However, Ito (2003) 10 suggested that eumelanin is deposited on preformed pheomelanin and that the ratio of the two is determined by tyrosinase activity and cysteine concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron-based chemical imaging reveals plumage patterns in a 150 million year old early bird

Manning

Edwards

Wogelius

et al. 2013

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Charles Darwin acknowledged the importance of colour in the natural selection of bird plumage. Colour can indicate age, sex, and diet, as well as play roles in camouflage, mating and establishing territories. Feather and integument colour depend on both chemical and structural characteristics and so melanosome structure and trace metal biomarkers can be used to infer colour and pigment patterns in a range of extant and fossil organisms. In this study, three key specimens of Archaeopteryx were subjected to non-destructive chemical analysis in order to investigate the potential preservation of original pigmentation in early fossil feathers. Synchrotron Rapid Scanning X-ray Fluorescence (SRS-XRF) maps are combined with sulphur X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy to provide the first map of organic sulphur distribution within whole fossils, and demonstrate that organically derived endogenous compounds are present. The distribution of trace-metals and organic sulphur in Archaeopteryx strongly suggests that remnants of endogenous eumelanin pigment have been preserved in the feathers of this iconic fossil. These distributions are used here to predict the complete feather pigment pattern and show that the distal tips and outer vanes of feathers were more heavily pigmented than inner vanes, contrary to recent studies. This pigment adaptation might have impacted upon the structural and mechanical properties of early feathers, steering plumage evolution in Archaeopteryx and other feathered theropod dinosaurs.

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“…Both types of melanin are contained in organelles called melanosomes. Eumelanin is generally packaged in rod‐shaped melanosomes, and phaeomelanin is typically contained in smaller, more spherical melanosomes (Trinkaus ), although both pigments may be found within the same melanosome (Simon et al. ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both types of melanin are contained in organelles called melanosomes. Eumelanin is generally packaged in rod-shaped melanosomes, and phaeomelanin is typically contained in smaller, more spherical melanosomes (Trinkaus 1948), although both pigments may be found within the same melanosome (Simon et al 2008). This relationship between pigment type and melanosome shape has enabled the reconstruction of the colors of extinct taxa (Vinther et al 2008;Clarke et al 2010;Li et al 2010Li et al , 2012.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary shifts in the melanin-based color system of birds

2016

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Melanin pigments contained in organelles (melanosomes) impart earthy colors to feathers. Such melanin-based colors are distributed across birds and thought to be the ancestral color-producing mechanism in birds. However, we have had limited data on melanin-based color and melanosome diversity in Palaeognathae, which includes the flighted tinamous and large-bodied, flightless ratites and is the sister taxon to all other extant birds. Here, we use scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry to assess melanosome morphology and quantify reflected color for 19 species within this clade. We find that brown colors in ratites are uniquely associated with elongated melanosomes nearly identical in shape to those associated with black colors. Melanosome and color diversity in large-bodied ratites is limited relative to other birds (including flightless penguins) and smaller bodied basal maniraptoran dinosaur outgroups of Aves, whereas tinamous show a wider range of melanosome forms similar to neognaths. The repeated occurrence of novel melanosome forms in the nonmonophyletic ratites suggests that melanin-based color tracks changes in body size, physiology, or other life history traits associated with flight loss, but not feather morphology. We further anticipate these findings will be useful for future color reconstructions in extinct species, as variation in melanosome shape may potentially be linked to a more nuanced palette of melanin-based colors.

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Factors concerned in the response of melanoblasts to estrogen in the Brown Leghorn fowl

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Sensitive Periods During Development

Sensitive Periods During Development

Synchrotron-based chemical imaging reveals plumage patterns in a 150 million year old early bird

Evolutionary shifts in the melanin-based color system of birds

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