Factors Contributing to Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Three Developmental Models

Seiffge‐Krenke, Inge; Stemmler, Mark

doi:10.1023/a:1020269918957

Cited by 98 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Among NA young women, discrimination frequency was the only statistically significant risk factor for depression. Our findings are consistent with previous studies that suggest young women are more likely to cope with adverse experiences in less overt ways relative to boys (Hayward & Sanborn, 2002;Seiffge-Krenke & Stemmler, 2002;Whitbeck et al, 2001). For instance, Whitbeck and colleagues (2001) found a significant positive relationship between perceived discrimination and internalizing symptoms (e.g., depressive symptoms and low self-esteem) among NA girls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Similarities in the Etiology of Alcohol Use Among Native American and Non-Native Young Women

Komro

Livingston

Garrett

et al. 2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examined social-and individuallevel factors associated with alcohol use among young women and tested whether differences exist between Native American and non-Native young women. Method: School-based surveys were conducted among 952 young women (ages 14-19) attending four high schools within the tribal jurisdictional service area of the Cherokee Nation in northeastern Oklahoma. Structural equation modeling using Mplus was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of social-and individual-level factors on subsequent alcohol use among Native and non-Native young women. Results: We found no differences in the level of risk and protective factors among Native and non-Native young women. Among Native and non-Native young women, alcohol access, parental communication, and best friends' alcohol use had statistically significant direct and/or indirect effects on alcohol use. Indirect effects were mediated through alcohol expectancies and norms. A history of alcohol problems by an adult in the household and depression were not retained as independent risk factors in either model. Conclusions: We found more similarities than differences in level of and relations to alcohol use among social and individual risk and protective factors between Native American and non-Native young women from northeastern Oklahoma. The results provide support for universal prevention strategies, suggesting the importance of increasing perceptions that it is difficult to obtain alcohol and increasing parent-child communication. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 77, 782-791, 2016)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Similarities in the Etiology of Alcohol Use Among Native American and Non-Native Young Women

Komro

Livingston

Garrett

et al. 2016

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus 1994;Rudolph 2002). Indeed, females have been shown to be more vulnerable than males to the effects of relationship stressors (Cyranowski et al 2000), and a stronger association between family conflict and depressive symptoms has been shown for adolescent girls compared with boys (Crawford et al 2001;Gore et al 1993;Seiffge-Krenke and Stemmler 2002;Siddique and D'Arcy 1984). Data also support the hypothesis that parents interact with boys and girls differently, especially with regard to the development of disruptive behavior (see review by Keenan and Shaw 1997) and that parents tend to monitor girls more closely than boys (Chilcoat et al 1996;Stattin and Kerr 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 72%

Reciprocal Influences Between Girls’ Conduct Problems and Depression, and Parental Punishment and Warmth: A Six year Prospective Analysis

Hipwell

Keenan

Kasza

et al. 2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

231

214

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Although the reciprocal effects of parenting and child behavior have long been recognized, the emphasis of empirical study in the field of developmental psychopathology has been on parenting effects on children. For girls in particular, little is known about unique parenting effects on conduct problems in comparison to depression, or vice versa. In the current study, data from the large-scale (n = 2,451) Pittsburgh Girls Study were used to examine the reciprocal relations between parenting and child behavior over a six year period (child ages 7-12 years). Girls and their caregivers (85% of whom were biological mothers) were interviewed annually in their homes. Girls reported on symptoms of conduct disorder and depression, and caregivers reported on level of parent-child warmth and use of harsh punishment. The results of generalized estimating equation regression models demonstrated that both parenting behaviors were uniquely predictive of changes in girls' conduct problems and depressed mood. When the effects of race and poverty on these associations were controlled for, both parenting effects on girls' conduct problems remained significant, but only low parental warmth remained as a significant predictor of depressed mood. Girls' conduct problems, but not depressed mood, predicted changes in harsh punishment over time. The small effect of girls' depressed mood, on changes in parental warmth, was further weakened when socio-demographic factors were also included in the model.

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“…However, there is also evidence that females exhibit a more ambivalent coping pattern marked by similarly high levels of seeking support, avoidance, and withdrawal coping (Seiffge-Krenke and Stemmler 2002). Past research has substantiated gender differences in measured stress levels.…”

Section: Minor Stressors and Coping Behavior In Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, higher levels of using withdrawal and denial may warrant concern. Although withdrawal is suggested to have positive functions in the face of uncontrollable stress, a consistent use of withdrawal in response to different stressful situations may put females on a less favorable developmental pathway leading to symptomatology (Rudolph 2002;Seiffge-Krenke and Stemmler 2002). Future studies should analyze the characteristics of the stressful situation in more detail and determine whether this coping style was used because the situation was perceived as uncontrollable, or because cultural scripts prescribed it.…”

Section: Universality In the Basic Rankings Of Everyday Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competence in Coping with Stress in Adolescents from Three Regions of the World

Persike

Seiffge‐Krenke

2011

J Youth Adolescence

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The ways adolescents develop and use strategies to cope with stress vary according to cultural scripts and values. This cross-sectional study tested the impact of region and gender on adolescents' stress perceptions and coping styles. A total sample of 10,941 adolescents (51.3% female) from 20 countries completed questionnaires on stress and coping behaviors in four domains (school, parents, peers, and romantic relationships). Standardized samples of n = 200 were drawn from each country, resulting in a sample of N = 4,000 adolescents (mean age 15.18, SD = 1.76, balanced gender distribution). Based on the results of discriminant analysis, the adolescents could be grouped into three world regions (Western, Eastern/Asian, and Southern). Results revealed that levels of perceived stressfulness of issues in different domains were universally similar among adolescents from all three regions. Parent- and school-related stress received the highest rankings, and peer- and romance-related stress the lowest. Differences emerged with respect to coping style, depending on region and gender. Coping styles characterized by negotiating, seeking support, and emotional outlet were used more often by adolescents from the Western region than those from the Eastern/Asian or Southern regions. Females in all regions had higher rates in the use of negotiating and seeking support than males did. Adolescents from all countries, despite regional variations, exhibited more emotional outlet in response to conflicts with parents than with peers or romantic partners. Overall, adolescents from all regions of the world demonstrated an impressive level of coping competencies, as only about one fifth of all coping responses involved the use of withdrawal and denial. The findings are discussed with respect to how the effects of globalization and changing societal expectations may have contributed to similar levels of perceived stressfulness and increased coping agency in adolescents in different parts of the world.

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Factors Contributing to Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Three Developmental Models

Cited by 98 publications

References 43 publications

Similarities in the Etiology of Alcohol Use Among Native American and Non-Native Young Women

Similarities in the Etiology of Alcohol Use Among Native American and Non-Native Young Women

Reciprocal Influences Between Girls’ Conduct Problems and Depression, and Parental Punishment and Warmth: A Six year Prospective Analysis

Competence in Coping with Stress in Adolescents from Three Regions of the World

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