“…Beliefs, as a cognitive and affective construct, are important to learning and teaching PS (Buchanan, 1987;Callejo & Vila, 2009;Chapman, 1999;Goldin, 2009;Mayer & Wittrock, 2006;Schoenfeld, 1992;Thompson, 1985). As Goldin (1998) concluded, "Student belief systems were identified as important, powerful facilitators of problem-solving success, or else as obstacles to it."…”