Factors contributing to the variation in placental efficiency on days 70, 90, and 110 of gestation in gilts

Krombeen, Shanice K; Bridges, William C.; Wilson, Matthew E.; Wilmoth, Tiffany A

doi:10.1093/jas/sky409

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These variations are not only between, but also within, breeds and even within litters [4]. Within a litter, PE can vary drastically, resulting in similarly sized pigs grown on very different placentas, with up to a 25% weight difference [5]. High PE placenta are smaller in size than low PE placenta, thus, high PE placentas occupy less space in the uterus and still grow an averaged sized littermate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, variations in PE within production breed litters on day 90 of gestation could not be attributed to differences in vascular density (VD) despite increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and associated receptors in high PE placentas [12]. Recently, Krombeen and others [5] reported placental VD was positively related to PE on day 110 of gestation in maternal line gilts. The results of Vonnahme and Ford [12] in conjunction with Krombeen and others [5] suggest morphological adaptations, like increases in VD, may occur later in gestation (day 90 to term) to maintain fetal growth when placental size is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Krombeen and others [5] reported placental VD was positively related to PE on day 110 of gestation in maternal line gilts. The results of Vonnahme and Ford [12] in conjunction with Krombeen and others [5] suggest morphological adaptations, like increases in VD, may occur later in gestation (day 90 to term) to maintain fetal growth when placental size is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The identification of differentially expressed genes between extremes of placental efficiency in maternal line gilts on day 95 of gestation

et al. 2019

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Background Placental efficiency (PE) describes the relationship between placental and fetal weights (fetal wt/placental wt). Within litters, PE can vary drastically, resulting in similarly sized pigs associated with differently sized placentas, up to a 25% weight difference. However, the mechanisms enabling the smaller placenta to grow a comparable littermate are unknown. To elucidate potential mechanisms, morphological measurements and gene expression profiles in placental and associated endometrial tissues of high PE and low PE feto-placental units were compared. Tissue samples were obtained from eight maternal line gilts during gestational day 95 ovario-hysterectomies. RNA was extracted from tissues of feto-placental units with the highest and lowest PE in each litter and sequenced. Results Morphological measurements, except placental weight, were not different ( P > 0.05) between high and low PE. No DEG were identified in the endometrium and 214 DEG were identified in the placenta (FDR < 0.1), of which 48% were upregulated and 52% were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that a large percentage of DEG were involved in catalytic activity, binding, transporter activity, metabolism, biological regulation, and localization. Four GO terms were enriched in the upregulated genes and no terms were enriched in the downregulated genes (FDR < 0.05). Eight statistically significant correlations ( P < 0.05) were identified between the morphological measurements and DEG. Conclusion Morphological measures between high and low PE verified comparisons were of similarly sized pigs grown on different sized placentas, and indicated that any negative effects of a reduced placental size on fetal growth were not evident by day 95. The identification of DEG in the placenta, but absence of DEG in the endometrium confirmed that the placenta responds to the fetus. The GO analyses provided evidence that extremes of PE are differentially regulated, affecting components of placental transport capacity like nutrient transport and blood flow. However, alternative GO terms were identified, indicating the complexity of the relationship between placental and fetal weights. These findings support the use of PE as a marker of placental function and provide novel insight into the genetic control of PE, but further research is required to make PE production applicable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The identification of differentially expressed genes between extremes of placental efficiency in maternal line gilts on day 95 of gestation

et al. 2019

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“…Upon euthanization, the reproductive tracts were immediately removed, and the uterus was longitudinally opened along the antimesometrial side. Tissue samples were collected as described by Su et al., 2014 (Su et al., 2014) and Krombeen, Bridges, Wilson, and Wilmoth (2019). Briefly, the size of each individual foetal sac was measured, and each individual foetus was weighed (3 sows with 36 surviving foetuses and 2 dead foetuses at GD25, 3 sows with 28 surviving foetuses and 1 dead foetus at GD40, and 3 sows with all 29 surviving foetuses at GD70).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF‐mediated signalling

Zhang

Li-qun

Ang

et al. 2020

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGFmediated signalling.

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“…To support the requirements of the growing foetus, placental size and exchange surface area requires to be increased. Such adaptations contribute to optimize nutrient availability during late gestation and improve foetal growth and survival [23]. Thus, conditions regarding placental vascularization are critical for the intrauterine function, and de ciencies may result in reduced BW of piglets born alive and poor survival especially during the periparturient period [2].…”

Section: Prenatal Effects Of Bpc On Sows and Their Offspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal programming of piglet gut health and postnatal effects by maternal transfer of phytogenic compounds supplemented in gestating and lactating hyperprolific sows

Reyes-Camacho¹,

Pérez²,

Vinyeta³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The improvement of sow prolificacy by breeding has increased the number of piglets produced per sow per year. However, intrauterine crowding and/or intrauterine growth restriction typically observed in hyperprolific sows impairs foetal growth which has decreased the average individual birthweight, with a larger proportion of low birthweight (LBW) pigs born per litter with poor gut development and compromised postnatal growth performance. Phytogenic compounds (PC) are plant-derived natural bioactive substances that can be used in livestock production as feed additives to promote animal health and production efficiency. This research aims to study if a specific blend of PC (BPC) supplemented in gestating and lactating hyperprolific sow diets may promote pre- and postnatal maternal effects on performance and oxidative status of sows and their offspring, colostrum-milk features, and piglet gut health-related gene expression and morphology. Forty DanBred hybrid line Landrace x Yorkhire gilts and sows (parities 0–7) were randomly allocated by parity number and body weight into two dietary treatments including unsupplemented Control (n = 20) or Control diets supplemented with 1 g/kg feed of BPC (n = 20) throughout gestation and lactation.Results Several dietary PC from the supplemented BPC were transferred to the placental fluid and milk. The BPC supplementation during gestation enhanced the litter size, antioxidant status, and colostrum protein content of sows. Jejunal histomorphology of neonate piglets, and intestinal-function gene expression related to nutrient transport, antioxidant, innate immune response, and digestion were improved in the BPC group. For both, sows and piglets, plasma antioxidant activity of CAT and SOD enzymes were enhanced. For suckling piglets, jejunal expression of genes related to gut barrier function was improved and piglet weight gain from birth to weaning was enhanced in the BPC group.Conclusions Dietary supplementation of BPC in gestating and lactating diets for hyperprolific sows improves sow’s reproductive performance and colostrum composition, with a significant strength of the antioxidant status of sows and their offspring. The prenatal and postnatal maternal transfer (placental fluid and milk) of BPC to the offspring would influence on the neonatal programming and postnatal of piglet’s gut health, with advantageous effects on piglet’s growth performance.

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Factors contributing to the variation in placental efficiency on days 70, 90, and 110 of gestation in gilts

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

The identification of differentially expressed genes between extremes of placental efficiency in maternal line gilts on day 95 of gestation

The identification of differentially expressed genes between extremes of placental efficiency in maternal line gilts on day 95 of gestation

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF‐mediated signalling

Neonatal programming of piglet gut health and postnatal effects by maternal transfer of phytogenic compounds supplemented in gestating and lactating hyperprolific sows

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