Factors Controlling Long- and Short-Term Sequestration of Atmospheric CO
            <sub>2</sub>
            in a Mid-latitude Forest

Barford, Carol; Wofsy, Steven C.; Goulden, Michael L.; Munger, J. William; Pyle, Elizabeth Hammond; Urbanski, S. P.; Hutyra, Lucy R.; Saleska, S. R.; Fitzjarrald, David R.; Moore, Kathleen E.

doi:10.1126/science.1062962

Cited by 529 publications

(468 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We assigned fewer scoring points to the GPP and NEE comparisons based on a subjective assessment that these fluxes had higher measurement and scaling uncertainties, respectively, than concurrent latent and sensible heat fluxes (see text in supporting information). We present specific site-level comparisons for Sylvania Wilderness (Desai et al, 2005), Harvard Forest (Barford et al, 2001), and Walker Branch (Wilson & Baldocchi, 2001). For our overall scoring system, however, we used information for each variable from all available Ameriflux sites.…”

Section: Eddy Covariance Measurements Of Energy and Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate–carbon models

Randerson

Hoffman

Thornton

et al. 2009

Global Change Biology

349

300

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With representation of the global carbon cycle becoming increasingly complex in climate models, it is important to develop ways to quantitatively evaluate model performance against in situ and remote sensing observations. Here we present a systematic framework, the Carbon‐LAnd Model Intercomparison Project (C‐LAMP), for assessing terrestrial biogeochemistry models coupled to climate models using observations that span a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. As an example of the value of such comparisons, we used this framework to evaluate two biogeochemistry models that are integrated within the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) – Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach′ (CASA′) and carbon–nitrogen (CN). Both models underestimated the magnitude of net carbon uptake during the growing season in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems, based on comparison with atmospheric CO2 measurements and eddy covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange. Comparison with MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements show that this low bias in model fluxes was caused, at least in part, by 1–3 month delays in the timing of maximum leaf area. In the tropics, the models overestimated carbon storage in woody biomass based on comparison with datasets from the Amazon. Reducing this model bias will probably weaken the sensitivity of terrestrial carbon fluxes to both atmospheric CO2 and climate. Global carbon sinks during the 1990s differed by a factor of two (2.4 Pg C yr−1 for CASA′ vs. 1.2 Pg C yr−1 for CN), with fluxes from both models compatible with the atmospheric budget given uncertainties in other terms. The models captured some of the timing of interannual global terrestrial carbon exchange during 1988–2004 based on comparison with atmospheric inversion results from TRANSCOM (r=0.66 for CASA′ and r=0.73 for CN). Adding (CASA′) or improving (CN) the representation of deforestation fires may further increase agreement with the atmospheric record. Information from C‐LAMP has enhanced model performance within CCSM and serves as a benchmark for future development. We propose that an open source, community‐wide platform for model‐data intercomparison is needed to speed model development and to strengthen ties between modeling and measurement communities. Important next steps include the design and analysis of land use change simulations (in both uncoupled and coupled modes), and the entrainment of additional ecological and earth system observations. Model results from C‐LAMP are publicly available on the Earth System Grid.

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Section: Eddy Covariance Measurements Of Energy and Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate–carbon models

Randerson

Hoffman

Thornton

et al. 2009

Global Change Biology

349

300

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The site is typical of the northeast United States biomes [e.g., Wofsy et al, 1993;Goulden et al, 1996;Ollinger et al, 2008a]. During the last 2 decades, CO 2 exchange between the atmosphere and Harvard Forest is the subject of much research [e.g., Wofsy et al, 1993;Goulden et al, 1996;Barford et al, 2001;Urbanski et al, 2007]. The net CO 2 exchange at the site has experienced distinct interannual variations [Goulden et al, 1996;Barford et al, 2001;Urbanski et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interannual fluctuations of northern midlatitude forest CO 2 exchange have been found to be regulated by weather and seasonal climate variables such as surface air temperature, summertime solar radiation, and precipitation anomalies [e.g., Graumlich et al, 1989;Goulden et al, 1996;Barford et al, 2001;Dunn et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the last 2 decades, CO 2 exchange between the atmosphere and Harvard Forest is the subject of much research [e.g., Wofsy et al, 1993;Goulden et al, 1996;Barford et al, 2001;Urbanski et al, 2007]. The net CO 2 exchange at the site has experienced distinct interannual variations [Goulden et al, 1996;Barford et al, 2001;Urbanski et al, 2007]. While variations in CO 2 exchange at short-term scales (hourly to monthly) were simulated well as prompt responses to the weather patterns and local conditions at Harvard Forest [e.g., Urbanski et al, 2007] and other northern midlatitude forests [e.g., Hollinger et al, 1999], interannual variations and long-term trend in CO 2 exchange are often poorly represented by current models [Hanson et al, 2004;Siqueira et al, 2006;Richardson et al, 2007;Urbanski et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between large-scale circulation patterns and carbon dioxide exchange by a deciduous forest

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] In this study, we focus on a deciduous forest in central Massachusetts and investigate the relationships between global climate indices and CO 2 exchange using eddy-covariance flux measurements from 1992 to 2007. Results suggest that large-scale circulation patterns influence the annual CO 2 exchange in the forest through their effects on the local surface climate. Annual gross ecosystem exchange (GEE) in the forest is closely associated with spring El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), previous fall Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and previous winter East Pacific-North Pacific (EP-NP) pattern. Annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) responds to previous fall AMO and PDO, while annual respiration (R) is impacted by previous fall ENSO and Pacific/North American Oscillation (PNA). Regressions based on these relationships are developed to simulate the annual GEE, NEE, and R. To avoid problems of multicollinearity, we compute a "Composite Index for GEE (CI GEE )" based on a linear combination of spring ENSO and PDO, fall AMO, and winter EP-NP and a "Composite Index for R (CI R )" based on a linear combination of fall ENSO and PNA. CI GEE , CI R , and fall AMO and PDO can explain 41, 27, and 40% of the variance of the annual GEE, R, and NEE, respectively. We further apply the methodology to two other northern midlatitude forests and find that interannual variabilities in NEE of the two forests are largely controlled by large-scale circulation patterns. This study suggests that global climate indices provide the potential for predicting CO 2 exchange variability in the northern midlatitude forests.Citation: Zhang, J., L. Wu, G. Huang, and M. Notaro (2011), Relationships between large-scale circulation patterns and carbon dioxide exchange by a deciduous forest,

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“…Wood production is influenced by several factors, such as CO 2 fertilization, nitrogen deposition, precipitation and temperature (Barford et al, 2001). For instance, rising CO 2 increases water use efficiency of forests (Keenan et al, 2013), which could compensate negative effects of climate change on European forest growth (Reyer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species composition and forest structure explain the temperature sensitivity patterns of productivity in temperate forests

Bohn

Huth

2018

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Rising temperatures due to climate change influence the wood production of forests. Observations show that some temperate forests increase their productivity, whereas others reduce their productivity. This study focuses on how species composition and forest structure properties influence the temperature sensitivity of aboveground wood production (AWP). It further investigates which forests will increase their productivity the most with rising temperatures. We described forest structure by leaf area index, forest height and tree height heterogeneity. Species composition was described by a functional diversity index (Rao's Q) and a species distribution index ( AWP ). AWP quantified how well species are distributed over the different forest layers with regard to AWP. We analysed 370 170 forest stands generated with a forest gap model. These forest stands covered a wide range of possible forest types. For each stand, we estimated annual aboveground wood production and performed a climate sensitivity analysis based on 320 different climate time series (of 1-year length). The scenarios differed in mean annual temperature and annual temperature amplitude. Temperature sensitivity of wood production was quantified as the relative change in productivity resulting from a 1 • C rise in mean annual temperature or annual temperature amplitude. Increasing AWP positively influenced both temperature sensitivity indices of forest, whereas forest height showed a bell-shaped relationship with both indices. Further, we found forests in each successional stage that are positively affected by temperature rise. For such forests, large AWP values were important. In the case of young forests, low functional diversity and small tree height heterogeneity were associated with a positive effect of temperature on wood production. During later successional stages, higher species diversity and larger tree height heterogeneity were an advantage. To achieve such a development, one could plant below the closed canopy of even-aged, pioneer trees a climax-species-rich understorey that will build the canopy of the mature forest. This study highlights that forest structure and species composition are both relevant for understanding the temperature sensitivity of wood production.

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Factors Controlling Long- and Short-Term Sequestration of Atmospheric CO ₂ in a Mid-latitude Forest

Cited by 529 publications

References 35 publications

Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate–carbon models

Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate–carbon models

Relationships between large-scale circulation patterns and carbon dioxide exchange by a deciduous forest

Species composition and forest structure explain the temperature sensitivity patterns of productivity in temperate forests

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Factors Controlling Long- and Short-Term Sequestration of Atmospheric CO 2 in a Mid-latitude Forest

Cited by 529 publications

References 35 publications

Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate–carbon models

Systematic assessment of terrestrial biogeochemistry in coupled climate–carbon models

Relationships between large-scale circulation patterns and carbon dioxide exchange by a deciduous forest

Species composition and forest structure explain the temperature sensitivity patterns of productivity in temperate forests

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Factors Controlling Long- and Short-Term Sequestration of Atmospheric CO ₂ in a Mid-latitude Forest