Factors Determining the Electroencephalogram in Migraine: A Study of 560 Patients, According to Clinical Type of Migraine

Electroencephalography in the assessment of neuropsychiatric manifestations in antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus

“…Focal slow activity may also occur in other disease states, either persistently as in cerebrovascular accidents and related edema (22), or episodically in focal epilepsy, interictally (23)(24)(25) and postictally (26), as well as in complex migraine attacks (27). Temporal EEG changes may also be associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency (28).…”

Occipital Lobe Epilepsy

“…Classical migraine attacks, however, cannot be uniformly pressed into one scheme, and the intensity of the initiating vasoconstriction of in tracerebral vessels [Wolff, 1948] may reach beyond the usual bounda ries ensuing cerebral edema or infarction [Whitty, 1953], leading to per manent cerebral tissue damage [Schumacher and W o lff, 1941], Recent blood-flow measurements with the Lassen-Ingvar method have demon strated considerable local cerebral ischemia during the vasoconstrictive phase [Skinhoj, 1973], It is therefore possible that a migraine attack could give rise to epilep tic discharges arising from the compromised occipital lobes, especially when genetic epileptic and migrainous predisposition may be presumed. Close relationships between migraine and epilepsy have been assumed chiefly on the basis of paroxysmal EEG abnormalities in the interval [Weil, 1952;Kooi et al, 1965] or observations of a higher prevalence of epilepsy in migrainous subjects than would be expected by chance [Slatte r , 1968;B asser, 1969;H ockaday and W hitty, 1969]. Scott et al [1972] feel that hypersensitivity to tyramine could elicit both migrainous and epileptic attacks.…”

Ictal and interictal EEG findings in children with migraine

“…This epileptic activity includes generalized and focal discharges during rest and during photic stimulation and hyperventilation; high-voltage spike-wave complexes, suppressed by eye opening, have been observed in migraine with visual aura and also in basilar migraine, childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysm and benign rolandic epilepsy [3,6,7,[21][22][23][24][25]. Panayiotopulos [26,27] reviewed clinical and EEG criteria of occipital epilepsy and migraine with aura and concluded that if each characteristic of visual aura is identified (duration, color, shape, size, location, movement, speed of development and progress), the diagnosis is easy.…”

“…Recently, Brinciotti et al [28] showed that the presence of specific clinical features (amaurosis, scotoma and family history of migraine), together with bilateral EEG abnormalities and no changes during IPS, is related to migraine. Furthermore, some authors [3,6,7] reported epileptic abnormalities in children suffering from chronic headache. In a recent report, periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) were observed in adult patients with migraine [29].…”

“…Intercritical EEGs with aspecific abnormalities and no neurophysiological differences between children migraineurs with and without aura, during the headache-free period, have been described [2][3][4][6][7][8].…”