Factors Influencing Alzheimer’s Disease Risk: Whether and How They are Related to the APOE Genotype

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease featuring progressive cognitive impairment. Although the etiology of late-onset AD remains unclear, the close association of AD with apolipoprotein E (APOE), a gene that mainly regulates lipid metabolism, has been firmly established and may shed light on the exploration of AD pathogenesis and therapy. However, various confounding factors interfere with the APOE-related AD risk, raising questions about our comprehension of the clinical findings concerning APOE. In this review, we summarize the most debated factors interacting with the APOE genotype and AD pathogenesis, depict the extent to which these factors relate to APOE-dependent AD risk, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.

Update FDG-PET in der Demenzdiagnostik

“…Außer den genannten konkreten Indikationen wurde allgemein der Einsatz automatischer Analyseverfahren zur Unterstützung der visuellen Bildbeurteilung empfohlen, insbesondere die voxelbasierte statistische Testung der Hirn FDG-PET [28]. Nicht empfohlen wurde der klinische Einsatz der FDG-PET bei asymptomatischen Personen mit Risikofaktoren für eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung [63], bei subjektiv empfundener kognitiver Beeinträchtigung [64], die in einer neuropsychologischen Testung nicht objektivierbar ist [28], sowie bei asymptomatischen Patienten mit familiär vererblicher AD [28]. Ebenfalls nicht empfohlen wurde die FDG-PET bei amyotropher Lateralsklerose oder Chorea Huntington [28].…”

The Effectiveness of a Community Nurse-Led Support Program for Dementia Caregivers in Chinese Communities: The Chongqing Ageing and Dementia Study

“…Almost all people with dementia experience behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) [1,2]. There are approximately 50 million people worldwide with dementia and 15.07 million in China alone [3,4]. Hospitals and some mental health centers can provide only short-term treatment-based services, and high-quality nursing homes are expensive.…”