“…However, many PBOs are characterised by interface-related difficulties (Malla and Delhi, 2022), vague (loose/incidental) networks (Lello et al, 2023b;Wang et al, 2023), distrust-based relationships (Cheng et al, 2023;Zimmermann et al, 2020), procedural and self-reinforcement structures (Jia et al, 2022;Ozawa, 2023). These mechanistic, inflexible and traditional norms seem to hamper the formation of new dynamic knowledge networks (Chen et al, 2021;Jia et al, 2022;Khaksar et al, 2023). This deficiency weakens PBOs' intentional networking efforts to KNI within CSSC networks identify, access, acquire/seize, integrate, create, use/apply and reuse the created knowledge (Fawad Sharif et al, 2023;Lello et al, 2023b;Zhang et al, 2023;Zhao et al, 2022).…”