Factors influencing chloride deposition in a coastal hilly area and application to chloride deposition mapping

Guan, Huade; Love, Andrew J.; Simmons, Craig T.; Makhnin, Oleg; Kayaalp, Amhet

doi:10.5194/hess-14-801-2010

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Our approach, on the other hand, depends more directly on data. In spite of these substantially different analyses, we obtained mean transit times that are relatively similar to those found by Benettin et al (2015) and Harman (2015).…”

Section: Comparison With Spectral Estimates Of Transit Time Distributsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Conversely, Harman (2015) used rank StorAge Selection functions at the Lower Hafren, an approach which requires making assumptions about the parametric shape of the transit time distribution. If a gamma distribution was assumed, Harman (2015) found median transit times of 400 and 550 d for fixed and storage-dependent calculations, respectively. Our approach, on the other hand, depends more directly on data.…”

Section: Comparison With Spectral Estimates Of Transit Time Distributmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New water fractions and transit time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales, estimated from stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow

Knapp

Neal

Schlumpf

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Long-term, high-frequency time series of passive tracers in precipitation and streamflow are essential for quantifying catchment transport and storage processes, but few such data sets are publicly available. Here we describe, present, and make available to the public two extensive data sets of stable water isotopes in streamflow and precipitation at the Plynlimon experimental catchments in central Wales. Stable isotope data are available at 7-hourly intervals for 17 months, and at weekly intervals for 4.25 years. Precipitation isotope values were highly variable in both data sets, and the high temporal resolution of the 7-hourly streamwater samples revealed rich isotopic dynamics that were not captured by the weekly sampling. We used ensemble hydrograph separation to calculate new water fractions and transit time distributions from both data sets. Transit time distributions estimated by ensemble hydrograph separation were broadly consistent with those estimated by spectral fitting methods, suggesting that they can reliably quantify the contributions of recent precipitation to streamflow. We found that on average, roughly 3 % of streamwater was made up of precipitation that fell within the previous 7 h, and 13 %–15 % of streamwater was made up of precipitation that fell within the previous week. The contributions of recent precipitation to streamflow were highest during large events, as illustrated by comparing new water fractions for different discharges and precipitation rates. This dependence of new water fractions on water fluxes was also reflected in their seasonal variations, with lower new water fractions and more damped catchment transit time distributions in spring and summer compared to fall and winter. We also compared new water fractions obtained from stable water isotopes against those obtained from concentrations of chloride, a solute frequently used as a passive tracer of catchment transport processes. After filtering the chloride data for dry deposition effects, we found broadly similar new water fractions using chloride and stable water isotopes, indicating that these different tracers may yield similar inferences about catchment storage and transport, if potentially confounding factors are eliminated. These stable isotope time series comprise some of the longest and most detailed publicly available catchment isotope data sets. They complement extensive solute data sets that are already publicly available for Plynlimon, enabling a wide range of future analyses of catchment behavior.

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Section: Comparison With Spectral Estimates Of Transit Time Distributsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Comparison With Spectral Estimates Of Transit Time Distributmentioning

confidence: 99%

New water fractions and transit time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales, estimated from stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow

Knapp

Neal

Schlumpf

et al. 2019

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Groundwater chloride concentration follows a geographical and topographical pattern (Guan et al, 2010): maximum concentrations of chloride are found in coastal areas, while minimum concentrations are found in inland mountainous areas (Fig. 7b).…”

Section: Chloride Mass Balance Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coastal distance appears to be the most significant factor controlling chloride deposition in the study area; it can reach up to 70 % of the spatial variability in chloride deposition (Guan et al, 2010). In order to compute the CMB, a comprehensive bibliographic revision was carried out looking for historic data of chloride concentration in rainfall in Galicia (Alcalá and Custodio, 2008a;Fernández-Sanjurjo et al, 1997;García-Rodeja et al, 1998;Gómez Rey et al, 2002;Prada-Sanchez et al, 1993;Silva et al, 2007;Vázquez et al, 2003).…”

Section: Chloride Mass Balance Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameterization and quantification of recharge in crystalline fractured bedrocks in Galicia-Costa (NW Spain)

Raposo

Molinero

Dafonte

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Quantifying groundwater recharge in crystalline rocks presents great difficulties due to the high heterogeneity of the underground medium (mainly, due to heterogeneity in fracture network, which determines hydraulic parameters of the bedrock like hydraulic conductivity or effective porosity). Traditionally these rocks have been considered to have very low permeability, and their groundwater resources have usually been neglected; however, they can be of local importance when the bedrock presents a net of well-developed fractures. The current European Water Framework Directive requires an efficient management of all groundwater resources; this begins with a proper knowledge of the aquifer and accurate recharge estimation. In this study, an assessment of groundwater resources in the Spanish hydrologic district of Galicia-Costa, dominated by granitic and metasedimentary rocks, was carried out. A water-balance modeling approach was used for estimating recharge rates in nine pilot catchments representatives of both geologic materials. These results were cross-validated with an independent technique, i.e. the chloride mass balance (CMB). A relation among groundwater recharge and annual precipitation according to two different logistic curves was found for both granites and metasedimentary rocks, thus allowing the parameterization of recharge by means of only a few hydrogeological parameters. Total groundwater resources in Galicia-Costa were estimated to be 4427 hm 3 yr −1 . An analysis of spatial and temporal variability of recharge was also carried out.

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“…Cl in groundwater originates from atmospheric deposition, of which the rate depends on a number of factors including distance to the source (oceanic or terrestrial), elevation, terrain aspect, slope, vegetation cover and climatic conditions (Hutton and Leslie, 1958;Guan et al, 2010;Bresciani et al, 2014). Groundwater Cl concentrations also depend on evapotranspiration, which leaves Cl in solution, implying its enrichment (Eriksson and Khunakasem, 1969), and on the spatial redistribution of recharge through groundwater flow.…”

Section: Using Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

Using hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between mountain-front and mountain-block recharge to basin aquifers

Bresciani¹,

Cranswick²,

Banks³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Numerous basin aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world derive a significant portion of their recharge from adjacent mountains. Recharge can effectively occur through either stream infiltration in the mountain front zone (mountain-front recharge, MFR) or subsurface flow from the mountain (mountain-block recharge, MBR). While a thorough understanding of the recharge mechanisms is critical for water resource management, distinguishing between MFR and 15 MBR is typically difficult. Here we present a relatively simple approach that uses hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between MFR and MBR. These types of data are inexpensive to measure, and in many cases are readily available from hydrogeological databases. In principle, hydraulic head can inform on groundwater flow directions and stream-aquifer interactions, while chloride can help to distinguish between different groundwater pathways if the sources have distinct concentrations. Electrical conductivity values can be converted to chloride concentrations using an empirical 20 relationship, and hence can be used in a similar manner to chloride, thereby significantly increasing the data set. The practical feasibility and effectiveness of this approach are tested through the case study of the Adelaide Plains basin, South Australia, for which a wealth of historical groundwater level, chloride and electrical conductivity data is available. Hydraulic head data suggest that streams are gaining in the adjacent Mount Lofty Ranges and losing when entering the basin. They also indicate that not only the Quaternary sediments but also the underlying Tertiary sediments receive significant recharge from 25 stream leakage in the mountain front zone. Chloride data also reveal clear spatial patterns suggesting that MFR dominates recharge of the low salinity groundwater found in the basin. This interpretation is further supported by stream water chloride analysis. This study demonstrates that both hydraulic head and chloride data can be effectively used to distinguish between MFR and MBR.Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi

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Factors influencing chloride deposition in a coastal hilly area and application to chloride deposition mapping

Cited by 64 publications

References 37 publications

New water fractions and transit time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales, estimated from stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow

New water fractions and transit time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales, estimated from stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow

Parameterization and quantification of recharge in crystalline fractured bedrocks in Galicia-Costa (NW Spain)

Using hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between mountain-front and mountain-block recharge to basin aquifers

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