Factors Influencing Communities’ Attitudes and Participation in Protected Area Conservation: A Case Study from Northern Myanmar

Htay, Thazin; Htoo, Kyaw Kyaw; Mbise, Franco Peniel

doi:10.1080/08941920.2022.2032515

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Some respondents who have achieved higher education were even engaged in agriculture because there are very few employment opportunities unless they move to other urbanized places (Forest Department, 2015). Furthermore, the prevalence of hunting is not ethnically different since both Shan and Bamar communities, being Buddhists and engaged in agriculture, are not culturally linked to hunting (Forest Department, 2015; Htay, Htoo, et al, 2022; Htay, Ringsby, et al, 2022). Nutritionally, local households in Indawgyi rely on fish as a major source of protein as it is legally allowed for subsistence use, easily available and inexpensive (Htay, Htoo, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the prevalence of hunting is not ethnically different since both Shan and Bamar communities, being Buddhists and engaged in agriculture, are not culturally linked to hunting (Forest Department, 2015; Htay, Htoo, et al, 2022; Htay, Ringsby, et al, 2022). Nutritionally, local households in Indawgyi rely on fish as a major source of protein as it is legally allowed for subsistence use, easily available and inexpensive (Htay, Htoo, et al, 2022). The availability of affordable alternative protein sources has been shown to reduce reliance on wild meat consumption (Ibbett, Jones, & St John, 2021; Ibbett, Keane, et al, 2021; Jenkins et al, 2011; Morsello et al, 2015; Nyahongo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Htay, Ringsby, et al (2022) highlighted that conservation education, tangible benefits obtained from the conservation programs (e.g., tourism opportunities and livelihood support programs) and appreciation of intangible benefits provided by the birds (e.g., pest control and aesthetics) were the main factors influencing farmers' tolerance toward birds. Several other studies have also underlined that human behavior and tolerance toward the species involved in human-wildlife conflicts are moderated by attitudes and values toward that species (Cerri et al, 2017, Htay, Htoo, et al, 2022, Kansky et al, 2016, Liordos et al, 2017, Manfredo et al, 2021, Merson et al, 2019St John et al, 2019;Travers et al 2019). We also found that attitude statements that are related to domination preferences (such as attitude about killing or control management, compensation for crop loss, and PA responsibility to provide damage management interventions) are more influential in predicting bird killing than those related to mutualistic preferences (attitude about species presence, protection of bird species and conservation of crop-damaging species).…”

Section: Bird and Agriculture Interaction And Its Link With Avifauna ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social and ecological drivers of illegal bird hunting in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar

Htay,

Htoo,

Røskaft

et al. 2023

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Hunting and illegal bird killing are major concerns for avian conservation globally. Unsustainable bird hunting in wetland habitats, particularly those located along important flyways, has contributed to avifauna defaunation and species endangerment. Since wetlands are primary habitats for migratory birds and are associated with anthropogenic landscapes, a comprehensive understanding of bird harvesting, and its drivers is fundamental to reduce threats to current avifauna. In this study, we examined the distribution of illegal bird hunting and its socioecological drivers in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar by integrating data from bird surveys, household surveys, and market surveys. We found that illegal bird hunting using nets, traps, and poisonous substances is prevalent in areas close to water and during the migration season. People who had negative attitudes toward avian species were more likely to engage in bird hunting, primarily because of the conflicts between bird conservation and crop production. Socioeconomic needs were not the major driving factors of bird killing. We therefore suggest sustainable management interventions promoting coexistence by integrating bird conservation and agricultural production, accompanied by increasing awareness to improve avian conservation in an internationally important wetland in Myanmar.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bird and Agriculture Interaction And Its Link With Avifauna ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social and ecological drivers of illegal bird hunting in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar

Htay,

Htoo,

Røskaft

et al. 2023

Conservat Sci and Prac

Self Cite

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“…Poaching is an immediate option for covering these costs. In this scenario, helping societies is not always perceived as such, but rather as a threat to biodiversity [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: A Perspective on the Resettlement of Maasai Communities from the Ngorongoro Landscape in Tanzania

Mbise¹

2024

New Insights Into Protected Area Management and Conservation Biology

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Tanzania is endowed with an abundance of natural resources, and the country has set aside more than 30% of its land for conservation. The Ngorongoro district is where both the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) and the Loliondo Game Controlled Area (LGCA) are located. Sometimes, it is confusing when talking about Ngorongoro as a region and the NCA as a conservation area. The NCA is an example of a diverse landscape in which humans (the Maasai tribe) and their livestock coexist with wildlife, but crop farming is prohibited. According to current projections, the Maasai population at NCA is approximately 120,000 people. And there are approximately 45,200 livestock. The increase in people is proportional to the increase in livestock, as the Maasai who live in the Ngorongoro landscape rely solely on animal husbandry as their main source of income. In the NCA, human and livestock population growth have a significant impact on wildlife and their habitat. To alleviate the pressure on the landscape, the Tanzanian government took the initiative to seek Maasai willing to relocate to another area, in this case, Handeni district in Tanga region.

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“…Inadequate PA funding often impedes the ability of PA authorities to carry out certain activities, including community engagement (Aung, 2007;Myanmar, 2018;Rao et al, 2002). Nevertheless, previous studies on community attitudes towards conservation and PAs in Myanmar indicate that attitudes are usually mixed and, in some cases, tend towards positive (Allendorf et al, 2012;Allendorf et al, 2017;Htay et al, 2022;Htun et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2022

Parks

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IUCN defines a protected area as:A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effec ve means, to achieve the long-term conserva on of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.The defini on is expanded by six management categories (one with a sub-division), summarized below. Ia Strict nature reserve: Strictly protected for biodiversity and also possibly geological/ geomorphological features, where human visitation, use and impacts are controlled and limited to ensure protection of the conservation values. Ib Wilderness area: Usually large unmodified or slightly modified areas, retaining their natural character and influence, without permanent or significant human habitation, protected and managed to preserve their natural condition. II National park: Large natural or near-natural areas protecting large-scale ecological processes with characteristic species and ecosystems, which also have environmentally and culturally compatible spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities. III Natural monument or feature: Areas set aside to protect a specific natural monument, which can be a landform, sea mount, marine cavern, geological feature such as a cave, or a living feature such as an ancient grove. IV Habitat/species management area: Areas to protect particular species or habitats, where management reflects this priority. Many will need regular, active interventions to meet the needs of particular species or habitats, but this is not a requirement of the category. V Protected landscape or seascape: Where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced a distinct character with significant ecological, biological, cultural and scenic value: and where safeguarding the integrity of this interaction is vital to protecting and sustaining the area and its associated nature conservation and other values. VI Protected areas with sustainable use of natural resources: Areas which conserve ecosystems, together with associated cultural values and traditional natural resource management systems. Generally large, mainly in a natural condition, with a proportion under sustainable natural resource management and where low-level nonindustrial natural resource use compatible with nature conservation is seen as one of the main aims.

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Factors Influencing Communities’ Attitudes and Participation in Protected Area Conservation: A Case Study from Northern Myanmar

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Social and ecological drivers of illegal bird hunting in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar

Social and ecological drivers of illegal bird hunting in the Indawgyi wetland ecosystem in Myanmar

Perspective Chapter: A Perspective on the Resettlement of Maasai Communities from the Ngorongoro Landscape in Tanzania

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