“…Three main research streams were identified in recent COVID-19 studies in the restaurant industry, the first of which is from the risk perception perspective. Several factors which may affect guests' risk perception ( Byrd et al, 2021 ) and patronage choices (Wang et al, 2021) were identified in the literature such as the image of country-of-origin ( Wei et al, 2021 ), restaurant service ( Luo & Xu, 2021 ), trust, loyalty, and transparency ( Yost & Cheng, 2021 ). The second is related to restaurant practitioners' practices and strategies, including delivery, service type, discount ( Kim et al, 2021 ), innovative activities, and new market channels ( Yang et al, 2021 ).…”