Factors Influencing Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Small Grain Cereals

Wegulo, Stephen N.

doi:10.3390/toxins4111157

Cited by 169 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Although not the most toxic, DON is considered to be the most economically important mycotoxin, since it is the predominant trichothecene contaminant in cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and corn used for human consumption and in animal feed (Wegulo 2012). DON contamination of animal feed components and finished feeds is common (Streit et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Matejová¹,

Vícenová²,

Vojtek³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is commonly found as a natural contaminant in cereals such as wheat, barley, and corn, and exhibits various toxicological effects when present in animal feeds. The effects of DON at a nominal 2 mg/kg feed on immune responses of rainbow trout were investigated, including relative gene expression of important cytokines (TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10), lysozyme concentration in skin mucus, and level of antigen-specific IgM in blood plasma after vaccination with the commercial vaccine AquaVac ERM containing Yersinia ruckeri type 1 (Hagerman strain). Twenty one-year-old rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were randomly divided into two groups. The control received a commercial feed with a naturally occurring low level of DON (225 μg/kg feed), while an experimental group was fed the same formulation with DON added to 1964 μg/kg feed. The trial continued for 23 days. Consumption of feed with added DON showed a significant effect on the immune system, as indicated by a higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (P < 0.05) and of IL-8 (non-significant) in head kidney. Expression of the pro-inflammatory gene IL-1β and the expression of a gene encoding anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were not influenced by DON treatment. Effects on the concentration of skin mucus lysozyme and specific IgM antibody levels were not observed during this experiment. These results suggest that prolonged ingestion of low doses of DON may influence the immune responses of rainbow trout.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Matejová¹,

Vícenová²,

Vojtek³

et al. 2015

Vet. Med.

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“…It is hard to infer trends or recent developments regarding high DON contamination in grains, because the occurrence of contaminated samples, as well as the environmental factors, is also influenced by many other factors (Koch et al 2006;Škrbič et al 2012;Wegulo 2012). Therefore an integrated approach to the disease is appropriate to reduce the risk of high DON contamination in wheat grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium spp. incidence and DON Contamination in different wheat varieties correlated with the environmental factors

Popovski

Kos

Jakovac-Strajn

et al. 2017

Cereal Research Communications

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The genus Fusarium consists of multiple diverse species, which, as a result of their frequency in nature and pathogenicity, are significant in agriculture, as well as in human and veterinary medicine. In the course of field trials, by using standard phytopathological methods, and performing analyses of 19 different varieties of wheat and a portion of infected grains gathered from two distinct locations in Slovenia, we have determined the presence of various phytopathogenic species of the genus Fusarium. Because of the reliability, the experiment was performed in two consecutive years, 2012 and 2013. A laboratory analysis was conducted with an ELISA test on all grain samples for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration. The results show that the main differences in the infection levels (F. culmorum + F. graminearum; FC + FG) of wheat samples were found in Jable (humid area), at the same time showing higher levels of DON content than Rakičan (dry area). Such a statement is supported by correlation test, where correlation is evident between FC + FG and DON in every variation. The data for both wheat types (awned and awnless) together showed that the grain in Jable is statistically significant more infected by FC + FG when compared to that in Rakičan. Moreover, our descriptive analysis confirms that the infection rate of grain with FC and FG shows a strong correlation with the emergence of DON.

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“…The effects of FHB infection entail yield losses and a reduction in grain quality that includes contamination with mycotoxins which are unsafe for human and animal consumption (Wegulo 2012).…”

Section: Cereal Research Communications 45 2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

A valuable QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance from Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides has a stable expression in durum wheat cultivars

Soresi

Zappacosta

Garayalde

et al. 2017

Cereal Research Communications

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Langdon(Dic-3A)-10 line carrying the QTL Qfhs.ndsu-3AS from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides that confers Type II resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was crossed with Argentinean durum wheat cultivars. F4 progeny were screened with the microsatellite locus Xgwm2, tightly linked to the Qfhs.ndsu-3A region. Reaction of these plants and parents to FHB was evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi) with F. graminearum; severity (% symptomatic spikelets/spike) and AUDPC (area under disease progress curve) were calculated. F4 progeny carrying the resistance allele in heterozygous or in homozygous condition showed significantly lower scab damage at 21 dpi and slower progress of disease than cultivated parents. Our results indicate that the resistance Qfhs.ndsu-3AS has a stable dominance expression in genetic backgrounds of durum cultivars and demonstrate that the linked microsatellite is an effective molecular tool for resistance screening. This work offers valuable information for Qfhs.ndsu-3AS utilization in wheat breeding programs.

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Factors Influencing Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Small Grain Cereals

Cited by 169 publications

References 77 publications

Effect of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effect of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Fusarium spp. incidence and DON Contamination in different wheat varieties correlated with the environmental factors

A valuable QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance from Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccoides has a stable expression in durum wheat cultivars

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