“…Attitudes can be either conscious or unconscious and therefore cannot be measured directly and may be illuminated in our behaviour (Bakanauskas et al, 2020 ). Attitudes towards family involvement in care have been known to vary between care contexts and groups of health care professionals (Al Mutair et al, 2013 ; Barreto et al, 2022 ; Benzein, Johansson, Årestedt, Berg, et al, 2008 ; Davis et al, 2014 ; Dijkman et al, 2021 ; Jordan et al, 2014 ; R. Laidsaar-Powell et al, 2017 ; Rosland et al, 2011 ; Shin et al, 2017 ). Nurses’ attitudes towards family involvement have been explored to some extent in the context of cardiology (Gusdal et al, 2017 ; Luttik et al, 2017 ), surgical care (Blöndal et al, 2014 ) and a general nursing context (Benzein, Johansson, Årestedt, Berg, et al, 2008 ; Østergaard et al, 2020 ).…”