Factors influencing granular debris flow behaviour

Internal imaging of saturated granular free-surface flows

“…In many experimental studies of saturated granular flow, small-and large-scale flumes have been used as they mimic the shearing conditions in which natural debris flows may develop (Armanini and Gregoretti, 2000;Armanini et al, 2005;Bowman and Sanvitale, 2009;Chau et al, 2000;Egashira et al, 2001;Iverson et al, 2010;Mainali and Rajaratnam, 1994;Okada and Ochiai, 2008;Papa et al, 2004;Parsons et al, 2001;Rombi et al, 2006;Takahashi, 2007;Tognacca and Minor, 2000;Zhou et al, 2009). In such experiments, it is possible to observe the flow only at its margins, usually the top and sides, owing to their high opacity.…”