Factors Influencing Handwriting Development among Preschool Children: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Handwriting development is essential for academic performance, yet the research on the factors contributing to it is scant. This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the factors contributing to handwriting development among preschool children that may benefit public health knowledge, especially among teachers, parents, and therapists. A systematic search was conducted using four databases: PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. During the preliminary search, 565 relevant studies were found. Screening, review selection, and characterization were performed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included preschool children, quantitative, written in English, and published in January 2012 – January 2022. The exclusion criteria were studies involving children with specific diagnoses. A consensus agreement was obtained, and ten studies were eventually selected for the comprehensive review. Executive function, letter knowledge, motor skills, and writing surface were identified. These factors indicated that handwriting was not an independent process, as its acquisition involved numerous components. This systematic review confirmed that executive function, letter knowledge, motor skills, and writing surface influenced handwriting development. More randomized controlled trials should be conducted to provide more conclusive and exhaustive evidence.

Automating the Evaluation of Urdu Handwriting for Novice Writers With Localized Feedback

“…Systems designed to identify neurological issues via handwriting focus on kinematic details [12]. Systems for the identification of learning issues focus equally on kinematic and orthographic(graphic representation of language) aspects of writing [13] [14] [15]. On the other hand, educational systems use straightforward kinematic factors with more focus on legibility and procedural aspects [3][8] [16] [17] [14] [20].…”

Media dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Permulaan pada Anak Tunagrahita

“…Sebagaimana disebutkan bahwa fungsi eksekutif, pengetahuan huruf dan keterampilan motorik sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan menulis seorang anak. (Achmy, Kadar, Razaob, & Yunus, 2022). Keterampilan-keterampilan ini lah yang mengalami hambatan pada tunagrahita sebagai dampak dari hambatan intelektual mereka.…”

“…Aktivitas meningkatkan motorik halus memang sangat berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan menulis. Hal ini karena keterampilan motorik halus merupakan salah satu keterampilan dasar yang diperlukan dalam menulis (Achmy et al, 2022). Sehingga, melatih motorik halus dapat membantu anak dalam memegang pensil, menggerakan pensil, dan menulis dengan baik.…”