Factors influencing hybrid maize farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions in Punjab Province, Pakistan

Akhtar, Shamim; Li, Gucheng; Ullah, Raza; Nazir, Adnan; Iqbal, Muhammad Amjed; Raza, Muhammad Haseeb; Iqbal, Nadeem; Faisal, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/s2095-3119(17)61796-9

Cited by 67 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the first stage, Punjab Province was purposively selected for the study. The main criteria for selecting Punjab Province as the study area include that: i) Punjab shares 53% of the overall agriculture GDP and 74% for the entire cereal production of the country (Akhtar et al 2018;Abid et al 2015); ii) 81.3% of the total hybrid maize crop, and all of spring hybrid maize is produced in Punjab Province only (GOP 2016b). The main focus of the paper is on maize farming.…”

Section: Sampling Framework and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the significant gains in maize production have not translated to increased incomes for farmers in Pakistan. The maize farmers continue to face a variety of risks which include price or market risk (Musser and Patrick 2002;Zulfiqar et al 2016), climate and biological risk (World Bank 2011), financial risk (Musser and Patrick 2002;Akhtar et al 2018). The price or market risk is a consequence of uncertainty about prices and quantities of inputs and outputs at the time that production decisions are taken (Musser and Patrick 2002;Adnan et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biological risk is faced by farmers because of pests, diseases and contamination (World Bank 2011). Financial risk is related to the ability of paying back the borrowed funds along with the interest, to have enough finance to continue farming, and to avoid bankruptcy (Musser and Patrick 2002;Akhtar et al 2018). Financial risks stem from insufficient credit facilities available to farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maize production under risk: The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk

Akhtar

Nazir

et al. 2019

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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Farmers in Pakistan continue to produce maize under various types of risks and adopt several strategies to manage those risks. This study is the first attempt to investigate the factors affecting the concurrent adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit which the farmers use to manage the risk to maize production. We apply bivariate and multinomial probit approaches to the primary data collected from four districts of Punjab Province in Pakistan. The results show that strong correlations exist between the off-farm diversification and agricultural credit which indicates that the use of one risk management strategy leads to another. The findings demonstrate that education, livestock number, maize farming experience, perceptions of biological risks and risk-averse nature of the growers significantly encourage the adoption of diversification as a risk management tool while farm size inversely affects the adoption of diversification. Similarly, in the adoption equation of credit, maize farming experience, farm size, perceptions of price and biological risks and risk attitude of farmers significantly enhance the chances of adopting agricultural credit to manage farm risks. These findings are important for the relevant stakeholders who seek to offer carefully designed risk minimizing options to the maize farmers.

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Section: Sampling Framework and Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maize production under risk: The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk

Akhtar

Nazir

et al. 2019

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

Self Cite

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“…Data collection was performed using the multi-stage random sampling technique. For the initial phase, the province of Punjab was selected due to its 53% and 74% contribution to the total agricultural GDP and country's total cereal production, respectively [38]. As wheat is cultivated all over the country (Figure 2), notwithstanding, districts Muzaffargarh, Layyah, Rajan Pur, and D.G.…”

Section: Sample and Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Approach for Improving Energy Efficiency and Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emission of Wheat Crop using Data Envelopment Analysis

Ilahi

Raza

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Energy is a major component in enhancing agricultural productivity for the rapidly growing world population. From that fact, a comprehensive analysis of energy inputs and outputs is required to conserve energy for future generations without threatening the food supply. Therefore, this study was performed in wheat production across important cropping zones of Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, the energy use pattern of wheat production was analyzed, and the degrees of technical efficiency of Decision Making Units (DMUs) were examined using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Based on the results of the DEA analysis, the inefficient energy inputs were identified and further explored with the core objective of a significant reduction of excess valuable resources. Data were collected from conducting a face-to-face questionnaire of 200 farmers. The farms for sample were chosen randomly by a stratified normal approach. The results disclosed that the input energy of 34,430.98 MJ ha−1 was used up for wheat production with an output energy of 48,267.05 MJ ha−1. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, and net energy gain in wheat production were calculated as 1.4 MJ kg−1, 9.27 MJ kg−1, 0.10 MJ kg−1 and 13,836.07 MJ kg−1, respectively. The average technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency of DMUs were 0.668, 0.776, and 0.828, respectively, and 0.74% of consulted DMUs were functioning at decreasing returns to scale. Additionally, the significant energy consumption belongs to fertilizer, and diesel fuel, which contribute 65% of the total energy input. If these inputs are applied and managed in line with ours optimize value (29,388.5 MJ ha−1) could save 14.65% resources, which will eventually add the equal quantity in wheat-yield. The total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions were calculated to be 866.43 kg CO2-eq ha−1. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that there is sensible capacity for enhancing the energy efficiency of wheat production in Pakistan by accompanying the recommendations for economical energy management, sustainable and efficient use of energy is extremely encouraged.

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“…The farm descriptors (land tenure regime, agricultural subsidies, size, crop diversity and type, rainfed or irrigation land, harvest type, etc.) may also be associated with the determination of risk attitudes [14,15]. Farmers' perceptions of weather patterns are also significant factors affecting their farming management, crop rotation and investment decisions [16].…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Farmers’ Stated Risk Using Lotteries and Their Perceptions of Climate Change in the Northwest of Mexico

Kallas

Herrera

2018

Agronomy

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Risk attitudes are relevant factors affecting production, management and investment decisions at the farm level. They are key factors related to farmers’ attitudes towards the environment and climate change. Several methodological approaches, which were considered to be preferable for measuring the level of risk of an economic agent, ranging from highly risk-tolerant to highly risk-averse attitudes, are available. The Multiple Price List (MPL) method is one of the stated approaches that is gaining relevance. In this study, we apply the MPL and relate the risk outcomes to farmers’ socio-economic characteristics and their perceptions of the environment and climate change. Data were collected using a face-to-face survey, carried out with a group of 370 farmers of an irrigation district, located in the northwest of Mexico. The results showed a risk level of about 0.32, according to the Constant Relative Risk Aversion (CRRA) coefficient, locating farmers of the region in a risk-averse group. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the socioeconomic factors and the perceptions of climate change are related to the farmers´ stated risk level. Farmers who are young women, with a tendency to use public support for structural investment, were shown to be risk-tolerant. Farmers considered floods, hail, diseases, pests, and weed growth incidences to be the most frequent weather patterns in the region.

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Factors influencing hybrid maize farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions in Punjab Province, Pakistan

Cited by 67 publications

References 20 publications

Maize production under risk: The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk

Maize production under risk: The simultaneous adoption of off-farm income diversification and agricultural credit to manage risk

Optimization Approach for Improving Energy Efficiency and Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emission of Wheat Crop using Data Envelopment Analysis

Analysis of Farmers’ Stated Risk Using Lotteries and Their Perceptions of Climate Change in the Northwest of Mexico

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