Factors influencing <i>Saprolegnia</i> spp. spore numbers in Norwegian salmon hatcheries

Thoen, Even; Evensen, Øystein; Skaar, Ida

doi:10.1111/jfd.12392

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Similarly, in vivo experiments, fish mucus samples taken from fish farms were often negative, although S. parasitica was detected in water samples from the same tanks. In a study on salmon hatcheries even high numbers of Saprolegnia spores in water did not have an effect on hatching success [34] and Saprolegnia only attached onto dead eggs [35]. These findings support the consensus that S. parasitica needs confounding factors, such as stress, wounds or coinfections, to attach to and infect fish [9].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Detection and Quantification of the Oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica in Aquaculture Environments

et al. 2022

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Saprolegnia parasitica induces heavy mortality in aquaculture. The detection of S. parasitica is often time consuming and uncertain, making it difficult to manage the disease. We validated a previously published real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to confirm the presence of S. parasitica in fish and in water using environmental DNA (eDNA) quantification. Analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay was assessed in silico, in vitro and the qPCR assay was compared with microbiological cultivation methods to detect and quantify S. parasitica in water samples from a controlled fish exposure experiment and from fish farms. Furthermore, we compared the use of an agar cultivation method and the qPCR assay to detect S. parasitica directly from mucus samples taken from the fish surface. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the qPCR assay were high. The qPCR assay detected 100% of S. parasitica-positive water samples. In a field study, the qPCR assay and a microwell plate (MWP) enumeration method correlated significantly. Furthermore, the qPCR assay could be used to confirm the presence of S. parasitica in skin mucus. Thus, the qPCR assay could complement diagnostic methods in specifically detecting saprolegniosis in fish and used as a surveillance method for S. parasitica pathogen in aquaculture environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Detection and Quantification of the Oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica in Aquaculture Environments

et al. 2022

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“…organisms are aquatic oomycetes known as water molds which severely compromise fish health in aquaculture, fish farms, and hobby fish tanks. Saprolegniosis occurs mainly in salmonid aquaculture but also in wild fish 39 . These oomycetes colonize the mature and immature stages of fish, as well as the eggs, causing hyphal growth showing as cotton‐like mycelia on the body surface and gills.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of volatiles in juices and essential oils from minor Citrus fruits (Rutaceae)

Giovanelli

Ciccarelli

Giusti

et al. 2020

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Citrus Essential Oils (CEOs) from the peel of six minor Citrus fruits (C. bergamia 'Castagnaro,' 'Fantastico,' and 'Femminello,' C. × myrtifolia, C. mitis, and C. japonica) were obtained by hydrodistillation and cold hand pressing of the flavedo to investigate their volatile constituents and antimycotic activities. The volatile compounds present in the juices of the same fruits, obtained by manual squeezing of the endocarps, were evaluated by direct immersion and Solid Phase Micro Extraction. Monoterpenes were identified as the main class of components in all the six CEOs. Limonene was the most abundant compound, while BEOs (Bergamot Essential Oils) changed its composition according to the different extraction method and the fruit varieties. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of the matrix taxa x chemical compounds showed that five chemical compounds had a significant discriminative function among the samples: high amounts of limonene characterized the cluster of C japonica, C. × myrtifolia, and C mitis, while the group of three cultivars of C bergamia differed in its predominance of linalool and linalyl acetate. Furfural and 4-terpineol were identified in the highest amounts in the Citrus juices analyzed by direct immersion. BEO obtained by hydrodistillation of C bergamia 'Fantastico' was the most active in the antifungal tests. The antimycotic activity of C japonica EOs against dermatophytic species was also demonstrated. Based on our results, the use of these products would appear an interesting alternative in producing topical herbal products for the treatment of affected animals or for the purpose of environmental fungal control.

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“…organisms are aquatic oomycetes, known as water molds, which severely impact fish health in aquaculture, fish farms and hobby fish tanks [1]. Saprolegniosis occurs mainly in salmonid aquaculture, but also in wild fish [2]. These oomycetes can colonize mature and immature stages of fishes, as well as eggs [3], causing hyphal growth as cotton-like mycelia on fish body surface and gills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils against Saprolegnia parasitica

et al. 2019

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Saprolegnia spp. water molds severely impact fish health in aquaculture, fish farms and hobby fish tanks colonizing mature and immature stages of fishes, as well as eggs. Considering that there are no drugs licensed for treating and/or control the organism, efficient and environmental low-impact methods to control these oomycetes in aquaculture are needed. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of Saprolegnia parasitica to essential oils (EOs) from Citrus aurantium L., Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, Citrus limon Burm. f., Citrus paradisi Macfad, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, Cymbopogon flexuosum (Nees ex Steud.) Watson, Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Illicium verum Hook.f., Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers., Origanum majorana L., Origanum vulgare L., Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér., Syzygium aromaticum Merr. & L.M.Perry, and Thymus vulgaris L., by microdilution test. The most effective EOs assayed were T. vulgaris and O. vulgare, followed by C. flexuosum, L. cubeba and C. bergamia. These EOs could be of interest for controlling Saprolegnia infections. Nevertheless, further safety studies are necessary to evaluate if these products could be dispersed in tank waters, or if their use should be limited to aquaculture supplies.

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Factors influencing Saprolegnia spp. spore numbers in Norwegian salmon hatcheries

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Detection and Quantification of the Oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica in Aquaculture Environments

Detection and Quantification of the Oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica in Aquaculture Environments

Comparative assessment of volatiles in juices and essential oils from minor Citrus fruits (Rutaceae)

In Vitro Activity of Essential Oils against Saprolegnia parasitica

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