Factors Influencing Internal Labour Migration from Agriculture Sector to Non-agricultural Sector in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract

Aims: In past, labour was extensively used in agriculture sector and there was huge surplus labour in agriculture sector. However, such trend has recently been changed where surplus labour in agricultural sector has reduced significantly and agriculture sector compete with non-agricultural sector in terms of hiring labour. Thus, the present study was undertaken to analyze the determinants of labour migration from agriculture sector to non-agricultural sector in Gopalganj district of Bangladesh.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at 12 villages of three upazilas (Gopalganj Sadar, Tungipara and Kotalipara) in Gopalganj district. For the study, data were collected during the period from January to March in 2021.
 Methodology: To this end, primary data were collected from agricultural labours. Descriptive statistics and simple random sampling technique were used in this study. Binary logistic model was used to analyze the collected data. In addition, five point likert scale was used to rank the barrier towards internal labour migration.
 Results: Results found from the logit model indicate that factors like family size, education, past experience, access to available information, transportation facilities, and savings are positively related with the log of odd ratio in favor of labour migration from agriculture sector to non-agricultural sector while wage rate, age, off-farm income and farm holdings are inversely related with labour transfer from agriculture sector to non-agricultural sector. In addition, respondents in the study area have recognized lack of proper technical training as the major constraint in labour migration with a mean value of 4.48.
 Conclusion: The present study recommends that government should take initiatives to open skill development institutions in rural level so that agricultural labour can take training. Regarding necessary information on non-agricultural jobs, it can be recommended that government, local agents and NGOs, in case of migration, should take proper initiatives so that agricultural labours can easily get information about non-agricultural jobs.

IPO initial return in Pakistan: influence of country-level institutional quality

“…In this study, oversubscription reported an average frequency of 2.56 times, a minimum of 0.01 times and a maximum of 17.46 times, demonstrating a wide difference between the minimum and maximum frequency. The average oversubscription is lower than reported for other countries, such as Bangladesh with an average of 20.20 times and Malaysia with an average of 30.45 times (Rahman et al , 2017; Tajuddin et al , 2015). Nevertheless, Pakistan's low oversubscription between 2000 and 2017 prescribes that IPOs with the lowest demand tends to attract more investors since these IPOs were traded below the offer price before the aftermarket.…”

“…DPA is dummy of premium offered which is display as without premium 0 and with premium 1, DFC is dummy of crisis period which shows listed IPO during crisis period 0, other than crisis period 1. DPM is a dummy of pricing mechanism IPO offered with fixed price 1, otherwise with book building 0 Bangladesh with an average of 20.20 times and Malaysia with an average of 30.45 times (Rahman et al, 2017;Tajuddin et al, 2015). Nevertheless, Pakistan's low oversubscription between 2000 and 2017 prescribes that IPOs with the lowest demand tends to attract more investors since these IPOs were traded below the offer price before the aftermarket.…”

Divergence of beliefs and IPO initial return: the quasi-moderating role of investor demand

“…(2019), where the authors reported an average investor demand of 33.59 times and 36.62 times, respectively. Furthermore, Malaysia has a relatively higher average subscription level as compared to other emerging economies like Bangladesh of 20.20 times (Rahman et al. , 2017), Pakistan of 2.52 times (Mehmood and Mohd-Rashid, 2020) and India of 10.28 (Arora and Singh, 2020).…”

“…Moreover, the current study reports an average investor demand of 25.15 times, which is significantly lower than the findings of other studies such as Low and Yong (2011) and Albada et al (2019), where the authors reported an average investor demand of 33.59 times and 36.62 times, respectively. Furthermore, Malaysia has a relatively higher average subscription level as compared to other emerging economies like Bangladesh of 20.20 times (Rahman et al, 2017), Pakistan of 2.52 times (Mehmood and Mohd-Rashid, 2020) and India of 10.28 (Arora and Singh, 2020). In accordance with Chowdhry and Sherman's (1996) model, fixed-price regime issues are characterised by extreme OSRs in comparison to book-building issues, which is attributable to the high level of uncertainty.…”

Factors affecting IPO Performance in the Stock Market: An Analytical Perspective

“…This study's findings will aid regulators in strengthening Bangladesh's stock market by guiding their course of action. According to the research (Rahman, Hossain, and Omar, 2017), market lot has a large positive effect on IPO subscription times, however EPS and offer price have a considerable negative influence. Figure 1 shows the various factor that determine the performance of IPO.…”