Factors influencing interprofessional collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners—A systematic review

Bollen, Annelies; Harrison, Reema; Aslani, Parisa; Haastregt, Jolanda C. M. van

doi:10.1111/hsc.12705

Cited by 95 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(359 reference statements)

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“…The substantial challenges to effective IPC include the different training, education, language and roles of medical doctors and nurses that are reinforced by a hierarchical health service [4]. These challenges are further amplified by the complexity of co-ordinating multidisciplinary care that increasingly involves a wide range of HCP, such as pharmacists [7] and allied health [5], as well as traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) [8]. For the purpose of this paper, TCM-HCP refers to practitioners of traditional and complementary medicine that is defined by the WHO as alternative medical systems that are not fully integrated into a country’s dominant, conventional health care system [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional and Complementary Medicine Health Care Practitioners’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Communication: A Qualitative Rapid Review

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives: People have multi-faceted health care needs and consult a diverse range of health care practitioners (HCP) from both the conventional and complementary medicine healthcare sectors. The effective communication between HCP and with patients are obvious requisites to coordinating multidisciplinary care and shared decision making. Further, miscommunication is a leading cause of patient harm and is associated with reduced patient satisfaction, health literacy, treatment compliance and quality of life. In conventional healthcare settings, the differences in professional hierarchy, training, communication styles and culture are recognised communication barriers. Less is known about interprofessional communication (IPC) that includes traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) HCP. This review aims to summarise the experiences and perceptions of conventional and complementary HCP and identify factors that influence IPC. Methods: A qualitative rapid literature review was conducted. Six databases were searched to identify original research and systematic reviews published since 2009 and in English. Excluded were articles reporting original research outside of Australia that did not include TCM-HCP, already cited in a systematic review, or of low quality with a score of less than three on a critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) checklist. A thematic analysis of included studies was used to identify and explore important and recurring themes. Results: From the conducted searches, 18 articles were included, 11 of which reported data on complementary HCP and seven were literature reviews. Four key themes were identified that impact IPC: medical dominance, clarity of HCP roles, a shared vision, and education and training. Conclusion: IPC within and between conventional and complementary HCP is impacted by interrelated factors. A diverse range of initiatives that facilitate interprofessional learning and collaboration are required to facilitate IPC and help overcome medical dominance and interprofessional cultural divides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conventional and Complementary Medicine Health Care Practitioners’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Communication: A Qualitative Rapid Review

et al. 2019

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“… 19 An understanding of each other´s roles is also found to be of special importance in the collaboration between pharmacists and physicians, and “role specification” is highlighted as the most influential relationship driver in this specific collaboration. 3 , 20 , 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community pharmacists and general practitioners (GPs) are two professional groups whose collaboration is becoming increasingly important in a time when more and more complex patients are being treated in primary care. 3 Collaboration between these two groups is shown to benefit patients. 4 , 5 Previous research has investigated the collaboration between community pharmacists and GPs, with a focus on identifying and understanding the factors influencing this collaboration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 , 5 Previous research has investigated the collaboration between community pharmacists and GPs, with a focus on identifying and understanding the factors influencing this collaboration. 3 , 6 Though a significant portion of the published papers are built on qualitative studies, the majority of these are descriptive studies, and few have incorporated a more advanced level of theory informed interpretation. 7 - 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Complementing or conflicting? How pharmacists and physicians position the community pharmacist

Rakvaag¹,

Søreide²,

Meland³

et al. 2020

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Background: Interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and physicians in primary care has been linked to improved patient outcomes. How professionals position themselves and each other can shed light upon their relationship, and positioning theory can be used as a tool to better understand intergroup relations. Objectives: 1) To identify how community pharmacists position themselves, and how they are positioned by general practitioners. 2) To assess how well these positions correspond, how the positions align with a proactive position for the pharmacists, and discuss how the positions could potentially impact collaboration. Methods: In this qualitative study, data were collected through six focus group interviews held between June and October 2019, three with pharmacists and three with physicians. The focus group interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the Systematic text condensation method. Positioning theory was used as a theoretical framework to identify the positions assigned to community pharmacists by the pharmacists themselves and by the physicians. Results: Twelve pharmacists and ten physicians participated. The pharmacists positioned themselves as the “last line of defense”, “bridge-builders”, “outsiders” – with responsibility, but with a lack of information and authority – and “practical problem solvers”. The physicians positioned pharmacists as “a useful checkpoint”, “non-clinicians” and “unknown”. Conclusions: The study revealed both commonalities and disagreements in how community pharmacists position themselves and are positioned by general practitioners. Few of the positions assigned to pharmacists by the physicians support an active role for the pharmacists, while the pharmacists´ positioning of themselves is more diverse. The physicians´ positioning of pharmacists as an unknown group represents a major challenge for collaboration. Increasing the two professions´ knowledge of each other may help produce new positions that are more coordinated, and thus more supportive towards collaboration.

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“…Excluding others in the planning of interventions, taking ownership of plans, different modes of communication, and feelings of distrust were identified as barriers for effective IPC. Important facilitators were interprofessional training, co-location of staff, organising formal and informal meetings at organisation level [49]. At team and individual level, conceptualizing practice, self-sacrifice, conflict resolutions, and acting as a mediator in the team were considered important facilitators of IPC (see Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Realist Synthesis of Interprofessional Collaboration in the Early Years; Becoming Familiar with Other Professionals

Fukkink

Lalihatu

2020

International Journal of Integrated Care

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The transformation of autonomous and often fragmented children's services into an integrated service is a topical issue in several countries [1-3]. The trend to offer more comprehensive youth services is stimulated by inclusive education policies, which aim to integrate children with special needs in mainstream childcare and school settings with the help of special staff. An integrated service with professionals from various disciplines who collaborate in the assessment and monitoring, providing support, health education, or referral [4] may be helpful in the early identification and treatment of children's behavioural problems and developmental delays. In some countries, multi-professional teams already operate in communitybased settings, like childcare and schools, but integrated community services for children and their families are certainly not self-evident [5, 6]. Transforming the workforce in regular communitybased care brings together different professionals (e.g., caregivers, teachers, social workers, nurses and youth care specialists) from various sectors, including early childhood education and care, primary schools, social work and youth care. This interprofessional collaboration in a 'team around the child' has only a relatively brief history, acknowledging differences between countries. IPC is certainly not self-evident for many individual practitioners, the interprofessional teams and their organisations which aim 'to meet special needs in ordinary schools', as Hanko (1986) [7] put it concisely. However, there is a growing interest in interprofessional teams in community-based services for youth [8, 9]. Reviews of IPC, which predominantly relate to health care, have revealed a number of important barriers and facilitators of IPC [10-16]. Some studies that explored the relatively new territory of children's services, have also suggested factors that foster or hinder effective IPC. At individual level, working experience [10] and interprofessional education with cross-service training may contribute to fruitful collaboration [17, 18]. At team level, regular meetings, mutual trust, clarity about one's own and others' professional roles [7, 19] and shared team goals [20] contribute to open communication and shared decision

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Factors influencing interprofessional collaboration between community pharmacists and general practitioners—A systematic review

Cited by 95 publications

References 57 publications

Conventional and Complementary Medicine Health Care Practitioners’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Communication: A Qualitative Rapid Review

Conventional and Complementary Medicine Health Care Practitioners’ Perspectives on Interprofessional Communication: A Qualitative Rapid Review

Complementing or conflicting? How pharmacists and physicians position the community pharmacist

A Realist Synthesis of Interprofessional Collaboration in the Early Years; Becoming Familiar with Other Professionals

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