Factors influencing nest-site occupancy and low reproductive output in the Critically Endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo <i>Cacatua sulphurea</i> on Sumba, Indonesia

Walker, Jonathan; Cahill, Alexis J.; Marsden, Stuart J.

doi:10.1017/s0959270905000638

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, only a few studies of Psittaciformes have determined both the availability and use of tree cavities by parrots within the context of evaluating selection. Of these, some studies have determined that parrots select nesting areas with a high number of potentially available cavities (Snyder et al 1987;Cameron 2006;Carniero et al 2013), or larger trees with more cavity entrances (Marsden and Jones 1997;Walker et al 2005;Webb et al 2012;Carniero et al 2013). However, most of these studies have been based on estimates of potential cavity availability made from the ground which may both under-and overestimate cavity availability (Cockle et al 2010;Stojanovic et al 2012).…”

Section: Do Parrots Select Nest Sites Based On Cavity Characteristics?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very little information exists on the availability of cavities for parrots, although some studies have estimated a low density of 0.3-0.7 cavities per hectare that are potentially suitable for use by large psittacine species (Marsden and Pilgrim 2003;Symes and Perrin 2004;Walker et al 2005;de la Parra-Martínez et al 2015). By comparison, studies of medium-sized Amazon parrots and cockatoos determined a relatively high density of 11.3-16 cavities per hectare that were suitable for use as nest sites Snyder et al 1987).…”

Section: Process Of Nest Cavity Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

et al. 2015

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Parrots (Order Psittaciformes) are secondary cavity-nesters that depend on existing cavities for nest sites, and consume plant resources of fruits, seeds, and flowers that are highly variable, but little is known of resource selectivity by parrots, or how they deal with variable environments. We reviewed published studies of nest-cavity use by parrots, and those evaluating parrot diet and their relationship with food resources. Most studies have been conducted within the last 20 years and these present data on resource use for only one-third of parrot species worldwide. However, basic information on resource requirements is lacking for the vast majority of Psittaciformes, particularly for species from the Asian region. Nesting studies have found that parrots use nest cavities in large trees, high above the ground, with large nest chambers, of 0.5-1 m deep, and entrance diameters related to body size of the parrot species. A few studies demonstrate that parrots select nest sites based on cavity characteristics, which may influence nest success, but a complete evaluation of adaptive nest site selection by Psittaciformes is lacking. Parrots have varied diets and may employ a combination of strategies of diet switching, habitat shifts, and movements to track food resources. This plasticity in diet and foraging strategy may influence the extent to which parrots can respond to anthropogenic pressures of global change. Parrots may also play an important functional role in forest ecosystems, yet little is currently known of plant-animal interactions of parrots, or the impact of parrot populations on forest dynamics. Based on our review of the literature, we suggest that to meet their resource requirements, parrots employ resource selection strategies of hierarchical nest site selection to increase the likelihood of nest success, and plasticity in diet and foraging strategy to track variable food resources. Future studies need to evaluate resource selection and the consequences of this for fitness in order to assess the potential impacts of global change on parrot populations, and to identify characteristics which make species vulnerable to human pressures.

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Section: Do Parrots Select Nest Sites Based On Cavity Characteristics?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Of Nest Cavity Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

et al. 2015

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“…Variability in nesting success between breeding seasons is a common feature in parrot studies (Krebs 1998;Koenig 2001) and it is generally explained by prédation of eggs and nestlings (Garnett et al 1999) or climatic variability (Walker et al 2005). In this study, variability between years resulted from changes in survival during the incubation and nestling stages.…”

Section: Nesting Success Between Breeding Seasonsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…More importantly, there is evidence for prédation as a crucial factor determining nest selection and nest niche diversification for parrots (Eberhard 1997;Bnghtsmith 2005a;White et al 2006). Consequently, there is great emphasis on management of nest sites for parrot conservation worldwide (MonterrubioRico & Enkerlin-Hoeflich 2004;Walker et al 2005;Pizo 2008). In the red-crowned parakeet, it seems that competition for cavities is low, at least on Tiritiri Matangi Island.…”

Section: Nesting Sites and Nest Site Re-usementioning

confidence: 99%

Nesting sites and nesting success of reintroduced red‐crowned parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) on Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand

Ortiz–Catedral

Brunton

2009

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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We studied red-crowned parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) reintroduced onto Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand from 2004 to 2006, in order to provide baseline information regarding nesting sites and nesting success of this population. We found 48 nests both in natural nesting sites and in nest boxes, in all three major habitat types on the island. Clutch size declined as the breeding season progressed, but laying date did not affect nesting success. This means that a breeding pair could fledge at least one young even from a small clutch laid late in the breeding season. Overall nesting success was 60%. Nesting success varied between breeding-seasons. Most of the 17 nesting attempts that failed did so during incubation. Redcrowned parakeets made use of a wide diversity of nesting sites and few sites were re-used, which suggests that suitable nest sites were not limiting. Overall, our results indicate that red-crowned parakeets are good candidates for reintroductions to areas lacking introduced predators, even during the early stages of revegetation.

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“…Most studies of tropical species of cockatoos have consisted of surveys to assess population size and breeding activity (Walker et al 2005;Cahill et al 2006). One species that has been studied in greater detail is the Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) a sedentary species that occurs in lowland New Guinea and its offshore islands, the Aru Islands, and far northern Cape York Peninsula in Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Palm Cockatoos (Probosciger aterrimus) have long enough lifespans to support their low reproductive success?

Heinsohn

Zeriga

Murphy

et al. 2009

Emu - Austral Ornithology

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Abstract.As an order, Parrots (Psittaciformes) are both the longest lived birds and among the most endangered. Palm Cockatoos (Probosciger aterrimus) have an extremely slow life history, including one of the lowest rates of breeding success reported for parrots. Here we use population viability analysis (PVA) to examine whether populations of Palm Cockatoos are viable in the long term with such low rates of reproduction. We built PVA models for two field sites with robust data on reproductive success and availability of nest-hollows: Iron Range on Cape York Peninsula (Queensland, Australia) and Crater Mountain (Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea). Our Iron Range models incorporate a fluctuating resource base of nest-hollows resulting from natural losses from fire, wind and tree decay and natural replenishment through tree breakages in tropical cyclones. The number of females allowed to breed each year in the simulations was limited by the availability of hollows. Our Iron Range models suggest that the population is only viable if juvenile and adult mortality rates are very low, and that at least some birds in the population live to 100 years old. Based on known maximum lifespans in the Cacatuidae, we conclude that Palm Cockatoos at Iron Range are unlikely to live for long enough on average to support their low rates of reproduction, and highlight the possibility that the population may be in decline. At Crater Mountain, where nestlings are harvested for food by local people, the models suggest that the reported current rate of 40% of nestlings taken is not sustainable.

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Factors influencing nest-site occupancy and low reproductive output in the Critically Endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea on Sumba, Indonesia

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

Resource requirements of parrots: nest site selectivity and dietary plasticity of Psittaciformes

Nesting sites and nesting success of reintroduced red‐crowned parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) on Tiritiri Matangi Island, New Zealand

Do Palm Cockatoos (Probosciger aterrimus) have long enough lifespans to support their low reproductive success?

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