Factors influencing organic carbon recycling and burial in Skagerrak sediments

Ståhl, Henrik; Tengberg, Anders; Brunnegård, Jenny; Bjornbom, Erik; Forbes, Thomas L.; Josefson, Alf B.; Kaberi, Helen; Hassellöv, Ida-Maja; Olsgard, F.; Roos, Per; Hall, Per

doi:10.1357/0022240042880873

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Although this pattern has been previously observed (e.g. Forja et al 2004, Lansard et al 2008, other authors have found that benthic remineralization is mainly controlled by the quality, rather than the quantity, of sedimentary organic matter (Arnosti & Holmer 2003, Ståhl et al 2004a. Although not significantly, component 1 of the PCA was negatively associated with surface sediment C:N ratios, which are considered to be indicative of organic matter quality.…”

Section: Discussion N Regenerationcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Benthic nutrient recycling on the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Ferrón

Alonso-Pérez²,

Anfuso³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Benthic fluxes of nutrients and dissolved nitrous oxide (N 2 O) were determined by benthic chamber incubations in 2 regions on the northeastern near-shore continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (depth range: 8 to 34 m), one off the Guadalquivir River mouth and the other in the Bay of Cádiz and its neighboring shelf. In total, 25 in situ benthic chamber incubations were performed dur- , accounted on average for <1% of total inorganic nitrogen fluxes. The regeneration of NH 4 + and Si(OH) 4 was mainly influenced by organic carbon oxidation rates and bulk organic carbon in surface sediments, whereas HPO 4 2 -regeneration was mostly influenced by bottom water oxygen concentration and water depth. Denitrification was estimated to account for between 9 and 13% of organic matter remineralization and for a loss of between 57 and 67% of potentially recyclable nitrogen. Overall, benthic remineralization was estimated to degrade about 47% of overlying primary production, supplying about 15 and 12% of the phytoplankton N and P requirements, respectively. This highlights the importance of benthic organic matter remineralization on the biogeochemistry of the northeastern continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz.

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Section: Discussion N Regenerationcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Benthic nutrient recycling on the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Ferrón

Alonso-Pérez²,

Anfuso³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…However, acknowledging seasonal (and interannual) variation in the production and the supply of organic material, adding our measurement of benthic carbon mineralization (*15 mmol m -2 day -1 ; Table 1) and the derived carbon preservation rate gives a total sedimentation rate of 161 g C m -2 year -1 which scale to the estimated sedimentation rate of Ansell (1974). Based on these figures we can calculate a carbon burial efficiency of *59 % which is consistent with the high sedimentation rate and substantial terrestrial inputs (Canfield 1994;Ståhl et al 2004;Blair and Aller 2012).…”

Section: Benthic Carbon and Nutrient Turnover In A Highly Irrigated Csupporting

confidence: 53%

Benthic Carbon Mineralization and Nutrient Turnover in a Scottish Sea Loch: An Integrative In Situ Study

et al. 2016

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Based on in situ microprofiles, chamber incubations and eddy covariance measurements, we investigated the benthic carbon mineralization and nutrient regeneration in a *65-m-deep sedimentation basin of Loch Etive, UK. The sediment hosted a considerable amount of infauna that was dominated by the brittle star A. filiformis. The numerous burrows were intensively irrigated enhancing the benthic in situ O 2 uptake by *50 %, and inducing highly variable redox conditions and O 2 distribution in the surface sediment as also documented by complementary laboratory-based planar optode measurements. The average benthic O 2 exchange as derived by chamber incubations and the eddy covariance approach were similar (14.9 ± 2.5 and 13.1 ± 9.0 mmol m -2 day -1 ) providing confidence in the two measuring approaches. Moreover, the non-invasive eddy approach revealed a flow-dependent benthic O 2 flux that was partly ascribed to enhanced ventilation of infauna burrows during periods of elevated flow rates. The ratio in exchange rates of RCO 2 and O 2 was close to unity, confirming that the O 2 uptake was a good proxy for the benthic carbon mineralization in this setting. The infauna activity resulted in highly dynamic redox conditions that presumably facilitated an efficient degradation of both terrestrial and marine-derived organic material. The complex O 2 dynamics of the burrow environment also concurrently stimulated nitrification and coupled denitrification rates making the sediment an efficient sink for bioavailable nitrogen. Furthermore, bioturbation mediated a high efflux of dissolved phosphorus and silicate. The study documents a high spatial and temporal variation in benthic solute exchange with important implications for benthic turnover of organic carbon and nutrients. However, more long-term in situ investigations with like approaches are required to fully understand how environmental events and spatio-temporal variations interrelate to the overall biogeochemical functioning of coastal sediments.

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“…Flux data from leaking chambers were discarded. A more detailed description of the landers is given in e.g., Ståhl et al (2004), and of the chambers and their hydrodynamics in e.g., Tengberg et al (2004). Benthic fluxes for each solute were calculated from the concentration change per unit of area and time in every chamber.…”

Section: Benthic In Situ Flux Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Natural Oxygenation of Baltic Proper Deep Water on Benthic Recycling and Removal of Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Silicon and Carbon

et al. 2017

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At the end of 2014, a Major Baltic Inflow (MBI) brought oxygenated, salty water into the Baltic proper and reached the long-term anoxic Eastern Gotland Basin (EGB) by March 2015. In July 2015, we measured benthic fluxes of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in situ using an autonomous benthic lander at deep sites (170-210 m) in the EGB, where the bottom water oxygen concentration was 30-45 µM. The same in situ methodology was used to measure benthic fluxes at the same sites in 2008-2010, but then under anoxic conditions. The high efflux of phosphate under anoxic conditions became lower upon oxygenation, and turned into an influx in about 50% of the flux measurements. The C:P and N:P ratios of the benthic solute flux changed from clearly below the Redfield ratio (on average about 70 and 3-4, respectively) under anoxia to approaching or being well above the Redfield ratio upon oxygenation. These observations demonstrate retention of P in newly oxygenated sediments. We found no significant effect of oxygenation on the benthic ammonium, silicate and DIC flux. We also measured benthic denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates at the same sites using isotope-pairing techniques. The bottom water of the long-term anoxic EGB contained less than 0.5 µM nitrate in 2008-2010, but the oxygenation event created bottom water nitrate concentrations of about 10 µM in July 2015 and the benthic flux of nitrate was consistently directed into the sediment. Nitrate reduction to both dinitrogen gas (denitrification) and ammonium (DNRA) was initiated in the newly oxygenated sediments, while anammox activity was negligible. We estimated the influence of this oxygenation event on the magnitudes of the integrated benthic P flux (the internal P load) and the fixed N removal through benthic and pelagic denitrification by comparing with a hypothetical Hall et al.Oxygenation Effect on Benthic Fluxes scenario without the MBI. Our calculations suggest that the oxygenation triggered by the MBI in July 2015, extrapolated to the basin-wide scale of the Baltic proper, decreased the internal P load by 23% and increased the total (benthic plus pelagic) denitrification by 18%.

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Factors influencing organic carbon recycling and burial in Skagerrak sediments

Cited by 54 publications

References 74 publications

Benthic nutrient recycling on the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Benthic nutrient recycling on the northeastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

Benthic Carbon Mineralization and Nutrient Turnover in a Scottish Sea Loch: An Integrative In Situ Study

Influence of Natural Oxygenation of Baltic Proper Deep Water on Benthic Recycling and Removal of Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Silicon and Carbon

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