Factors influencing population dynamics of Macrophomina phaseolina in arid soils

Abstract

The quantitative determination of Macrophomina phaseolina population in an arid soil was carried out utilizing a selective medium. The population of the fungus increased under continuous monocropping with a susceptible host, but considerable reduction was recorded with crop rotation or a change in crop sequence. The effects of fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, total microbial population, minimum and maximum soil temperature on the survival of M. phaseolina population were studied in the absence of a crop at different soil depths. Highest population and survival rates were recorded at 0-5 cm soil depth. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were carried out to determine the role of individual factors influencing M. phaseolina population. In winter months, low temperature and high actinomycete population were found to be the major factors governing the reduction of the population of M. phaseolina.

Infections of bean plant and field soil are linked to region, root rot pathogen and agro-ecosystem

“…A large number of previous studies focused on evaluating patterns of F. solani, F. oxysporum, M. phaseolina and R. solani populations in the soil. For instance, Lodha et al (1990) and Amir and Alabouvette (1993) looked at soil populations of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum, respectively. According to the present fi ndings, the assessment of root and seed infected by the pathogens under agro-ecological conditions should provide more accurate representations of these rhizospheric events for yield-estimate, disease-control, and resistance-screening purposes.…”

Population dynamics of Macrophomina phaseolina in relation to disease management: A review

“…It can withstand adverse conditions like low nutrient levels and moisture, and high temperatures of dry soil, which is a major source of inoculum and infection (Dhingra & Sinclair, ; Lodha, ). The population of M. phaseolina increases in the soil with increased years of cultivation of susceptible crops (Lodha, Mathur, & Solanki, ) and as high as 1,000 propagules/g soil have been reported (Papavizas & Klag, ). The inoculum densities of sclerotia in the soil are directly related to the incidence of the disease in the field (Sheikh & Ghaffar, ).…”

“…The influence of various bioecological factors on the survival of M. phaseolina within 30 cm soil depth was studied in the absence of a crop in arid soils of India. Populations of M. phaseolina were greatest at 0–5 cm soil depth followed by that at 20–30 cm layer (Lodha et al, ). Relatively high populations in the surface soil could be due to high soil temperature and low soil moisture content along with low microbial population.…”

“…Inoculum levels of M. phaseolina in soils are greatly influenced by cropping history (Mueller, Short, & Sinclair, ), intermediate cropping having two cropping seasons of the main crop sandwiching one non‐host crop (Ahmed & Ahmed, ) and crop rotation (Tiwari & Shroff, ). In the Indian arid regions, continuous and sequential cropping of a susceptible legume guar increased the population of M. phaseolina (Lodha et al, ). In guar–fallow systems, M. phaseolina population reduced after the fallow, increased after the second crop of guar, but remained less compared to that under continuous cropping.…”

Changes in Temperature, Microbial Population and Activity during the Process of Composting

“…Half digested crop residues in turn aggravate termite infestation in rainfed crops. More so, crop residues themselves are often infected with soil-borne plant pathogens; their release in soil during slow decomposition may augment inoculum density of pathogens (Lodha et al, 1990).…”