Abstract:Declining recruitment in elk (Cervus canadensis) populations is a common issue faced by managers in western North America. To better understand a decline in calf:female (≥1 yr) ratios in northern New Mexico, USA, we investigated the influence of bottom‐up factors on the condition and productivity of 1,885 adult (≥2 yr), female Rocky Mountain elk (C. c. nelsoni) harvested on the Vermejo Park Ranch during December and January, 2009–2016. We used ingesta‐free body fat (IFBF) estimated from kidney fat mass as a me… Show more
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