Factors Influencing Spore Germination and Early Gametophyte Development in <i>Anemia mexicana</i> and <i>Anemia phyllitidis</i>

Nester, Joan E.; Coolbaugh, Ronald C.

doi:10.1104/pp.82.1.230

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…and Anemia phyllitidis Hassl. (Schizaeaceae) optimum germination occurred at pH 5.0 to 6.5, with substantial reduction of germination and gametophyte development below pH 4.5 (Nester and Coolbaugh, 1986). Viviani and Randi (2008) did not find any statistically significant differences in the germination rates for Polypodium lepidopteris (Langsd.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Studies have demonstrated that fern species present varied responses to pH in vitro. While spores of some species germinate in strong acidic medium (Whittier and Moyroud, 1993) or in a broad pH range (Nondorf et al, 2003;Viviani and Randi, 2008), some fern spores are not able to germinate in strong acidic conditions (Nester and Coolbaugh, 1986). No information could be found in the literature on the effect of pH on Cyathea atrovirens germination and initial growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spore germination and gametophyte development of Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (Cyatheaceae) under different pH conditions

2010

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Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin, an intensely exploited tree fern, is found inside forests in several succession stages, as well as in swamps, roadsides and unused fields in the Rio dos Sinos basin, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. This study evaluated the in vitro germination and gametophyte development of C. atrovirens under different pH conditions, as well as spore viability after different storage times at 7 ºC. The lowest germination rate of spores was obtained at pH 7.0. At pH 5.0 to 6.5, laminar gametophyte development started at 20 to 30 days of culture. Antheridia and archegonia were first observed at 35 and 128 days, respectively. Storage at 7 o C did not affect germination rates. The capability of germination at different pH levels may explain the occurrence of the species in a wide range of habitats. The present study contributes to the understanding of the full life-cycle of C. atrovirens and to the analysis of the influence of abiotic components, providing information for the cultivation, management and conservation of the species.Keywords: tree ferns, gametophyte, pH, reproduction, conservation. Rechenmacher, C., Schmitt, JL. and Droste, A. through lens cleaning tissue. Part of the spores were stored in tubes at 7 ± 1 °C for later viability analysis. Spores did not undergo asepsis to keep experimental conditions close to those found in nature. Germinação de esporos e desenvolvimento gametofítico deTo evaluate the effect of pH on germination and initial gametophyte development of fresh spores, seven different pH levels were used: 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5; and 7.0. In a laminar flow hood, 10-mg samples of spores were distributed in flasks with 50-mL autoclaved Meyer solution (Meyer et al., 1955). Six replicates were used for each pH level, totalising 42 flasks. The cultures were maintained in a growth chamber at 26 ± 1 °C for a 16-hour photoperiod and photon flux density of 100 µmol.m -2.s -1 provided by cool white fluorescent tubes.Germination was scored at three, six, nine and 12 days of in vitro culture. Six slides (one slide per flask) from each treatment were analysed, verifying 100 spores on each slide. To follow up initial gametophyte development at different pH levels, 10 individuals on each slide (one slide per flask) were photographed and classified according to their developmental stage in the following categories at six, nine and 12 days of culture: a) rhizoid and chlorocyte; b) filamentous stage; and c) laminar stage. At 104, 128 and 150 days, the morphology of one individual from each flask was described.To describe the in vitro development of this species, only gametophytes obtained at pH 6.0 were evaluated at up to 128 days of culture. Representative individuals at different development stages were photographed, and the images were digitalised using a Canon EOS 220 camera coupled to an Olympus CX4 microscope.In a second experiment, the germinability rates of fresh and stored spores (90 and 180 days at 7 °C) were compared, using cultures w...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore germination and gametophyte development of Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (Cyatheaceae) under different pH conditions

2010

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“…Herbaceous fern species also exhibit elevated germination rates in acidic pHs, including Ophioglossum palmatum (Ophioglossaceae) (Whittier & Moyroud 1993), Cheilanthes feei (Pteridaceae) (Nondorf , Polypodium lepidopteris (Polypodiaceae) and Gleichenella pectinata (Gleicheniaceae) (Viviani & Randi 2008;Santos et al 2010). Notwithstanding, some species of ferns exhibit low germination percentages or are even incapable of germinating in highly acidic substrates (Hevly 1963), like Anemia mexicana and A. phyllitidis (Schizaeaceae) (Nester & Coolbaugh 1986). Similarly to C. phalerata, germination of other Cyatheaceae is higher at median temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic environmental conditions for germination and development of gametophytes of Cyathea phalerata Mart. (Cyatheaceae)

et al. 2017

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In order to successfully establish themselves in their natural environment, ferns need habitats with abiotic conditions that are suitable for spore germination and gametophyte development. Th e objective of this study was to assess the infl uence of abiotic factors on the initial development of Cyathea phalerata cultivated in vitro. Spore germination and gametophyte development were assessed under varying conditions of surface sterilization, pH, temperature and photoperiod. Exogenous contamination was eliminated by sterilizing spores with 2.5 % NaClO for 15 min and sowing them into a culture medium supplemented with nystatin. Spores germinated at all pHs tested. Gametophytic development was faster in acidic pHs. Cultures at 25 °C exhibited the highest percentages of germination and laminar gametophytes. Th e species produced its highest percentages of gametophytes in cultures with photoperiods between 6 and 18 h. Th e optimal abiotic conditions found here for in vitro development of C. phalerata are similar to those found in its natural habitat. Th e southern limit of this species to north of the 30th parallel in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, may be because further south spores do not encounter the ideal combined conditions of temperature, pH and photoperiod determined in the laboratory.

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“…In Ceratopteris, the absence of sensitivity to Schizeaceous antheridiogen and various GAs may indicate species specific pathway for antheridiogen synthesis as well as high specificity of receptor or acceptor sites. Even in the Schizeaceae extensive variability occurs in antheridiogen cross-sensitivity, response to GA moieties and antheridiogen structure at the genus and species level (20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Gametophyte Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a Gibberellin Biosynthetic Origin of Ceratopteris Antheridiogen

Warne¹,

Hickok²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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The species-specific chemical messenger, antheridiogen Ac*, mediates the differentiation of male gametophytes in the fern Ceratopteris. In order to investigate the biochemical origin of antheridiogen, the effect of the inhibitors, 2'-isopropyl-4'-(trimethylammoniumchloride)-5'-methylphenylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (AMO-1618), 2-chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride (CCC), and a-cyclopropyl-a-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methyl alcohol (ancymidol) on gametophytic sex expression was determined in C. richardli. Both AMO-1618 (24,26). At sexual maturity a dimorphic gametophytic population consists of large cordate and small spatulate individuals. Cordates are either female or hermaphroditic and possess a defined meristematic region, whereas males are ameristic and bear only antheridia. Characteristic frequencies of sexual types depend upon population dependent antheridiogen production and accumulation, the sensitivity of gametophytes, and asynchrony in population development (17,24,29,31,32). A genetic basis for this trait, suggested by extensive phenotypic variability, has recently been identified and described (15,29,33 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialSpores of the diploid (n = 39) homosporous fern, Ceratopteris richardii from three strains were used in this study, the 2 Abbreviations: AMO-1618, 2'-isopropyl-4'-(trimethylammoniumchloride)-5'-methylphenylpiperidine-1-carboxylate; CCC, 2-chloroethyl trimethylammonium chloride; ancymidol, a-cyclopropyl-a-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methyl alcohol. Plant Physiol. Vol. 89, 1989 wild type (Hn-n) (12), and two derived mutants, HaA48,(13,14), and HaC18 (33). HaA48 is an abscisic acid tolerant strain that exhibits enhanced sensitivity to antheridiogen, whereas HaC 18 was selected for reduced sensitivity to antheridiogen. Based upon the responses of gametophytic populations (maximum percent males) to antheridiogen supplementation in the medium, these strains form a series of decreasing sensitivity to antheridiogen, i.e. HaA48 > Hn-n > HaC18. Gametophyte CultureGametophytic cultures were axenically established according to standard procedures in 24-well tissue culture dishes (14, 34). About 100 spores/well were sown onto 4.2 mL of 1% agar solidified medium containing Parker's macronutrients and Thompson's micronutrients (16) (v/v %) into medium prior to pH titration and autoclaving. InhibitorsInhibitors (ancymidol, AMO-1618, CCC) or solvents alone (controls) were filter sterilized (0.2 ,um) into autoclaved and cooled medium. For AMO-1618 and CCC, 0.5% DMSO was used as a solvent (final concentration 0.05% for 1 mm treatment and controls). For ancymidol, a mixture of0.5 % DMSO and 5% ethanol (95%) were used as solvents (final concentrations; 0.05% DMSO and 0.5% ethanol (95%) for the 1 mM treatments and controls). Severe effects on gametophyte development were evident with 0.5% DMSO and greater (TR Warne, LG Hickok, unpublished data). CCC and AMO-1618 were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. and Calbiochem Co., respectively. AnalysisAt 14 d following...

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Factors Influencing Spore Germination and Early Gametophyte Development in Anemia mexicana and Anemia phyllitidis

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Spore germination and gametophyte development of Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (Cyatheaceae) under different pH conditions

Spore germination and gametophyte development of Cyathea atrovirens (Langsd. & Fisch.) Domin (Cyatheaceae) under different pH conditions

Abiotic environmental conditions for germination and development of gametophytes of Cyathea phalerata Mart. (Cyatheaceae)

Evidence for a Gibberellin Biosynthetic Origin of Ceratopteris Antheridiogen

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