Factors Influencing Stigma Toward Individuals Who Have Substance Use Disorders

Witte, Tricia H.; Wright, Amber N.; Stinson, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/10826084.2018.1560469

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In addition to these lethal consequences of drug use, being addicted to drugs comes with the problem of stigmatization (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Expressions of such stigma comprise the attribution of negative labels such as being reckless, hopeless, helpless, unreliable, dangerous, and crazy (9,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expressions of such stigma comprise the attribution of negative labels such as being reckless, hopeless, helpless, unreliable, dangerous, and crazy (9,10). Such labeling is often based on the ascription that people choose to use drugs and are thus responsible for their addiction (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such negative cognitions are known to evoke affective responses including fear and anger, which in turn, raise discriminatory behaviors such as dehumanization and reduced levels of help from public and health-care systems (9,10). People that are stigmatized by others also experience self-stigmatization which is often accompanied by psychological harm, and they may be negatively affected in their uptake of health care services (6). As a consequence, stigmatization can impede the process of recovery, but also the ability to find a home, a job, or insurance (11,12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Public Stigma Toward Female and Male Opium and Heroin Users. An Experimental Test of Attribution Theory and the Familiarity Hypothesis

Sattler

Zolala

Baneshi

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Drug abuse and addiction exist around the world. People addicted to drugs such as opium or heroin often encounter dehumanizing discriminatory behaviors and health-care systems that are reluctant to provide services. Experiencing discrimination often serves as a barrier to receiving help or finding a home or work. Therefore, it is important to better understand the mechanisms that lead to the stigmatization of drug addiction and who is more prone to stigmatizing behaviors. There is also a dearth of research on whether different patterns of stigma exist in men and women. Therefore, this study investigated factors affecting gender-specific stigmatization in the context of drug addiction. In our vignette study (NMensample = 320 and NWomensample = 320) in Iran, we experimentally varied signals and signaling events regarding a person with drug addiction (i.e., NVignettes = 32 per sample), based on Attribution Theory, before assessing stigmatizing cognitions (e.g., blameworthiness), affective responses (e.g., anger), and discriminatory inclinations (e.g., segregation) with the Attribution Questionnaire. We also tested assumptions from the Familiarity Hypothesis by assessing indicators of respondents' familiarity with drug addiction (e.g., knowledge about addiction). Results, for example, show higher stigma if the person used “harder” drugs, displayed aggressive behavior, or had a less controllable drug urge. Self-attributed knowledge about addiction or prior drug use increased some forms of stigma, but diminished others. These findings only partially converged between men and women. We suggest that anti-stigma initiatives should consider information about the stigmatized person, conditions of the addiction, and characteristics of stigmatizers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Public Stigma Toward Female and Male Opium and Heroin Users. An Experimental Test of Attribution Theory and the Familiarity Hypothesis

Sattler

Zolala

Baneshi

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Limitations were identified. First, self-report surveys could have presented opportunities for social desirability bias, especially because the participants were asked to make judgments about other individuals (Witte et al, 2019). Second, participants could be considered as a convenience sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and Non-Treatment Professionals in Texas: Race, Sex, Age, and Level of Education Influencing Attitudes About Addiction

Richards

Broadus

Yelderman

2020

Journal of Drug Issues

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Using a two-step process, attitudes about addiction among Texas professionals working primarily with youth were examined. In Step 1, researchers examined attitudes about addiction in Texas ( n = 1,078), across professionals working with youth. In Step 2, researchers selected a subset of treatment and non-treatment professionals ( n = 522) and tested two hypotheses related to differences in attitudes between the two professional groups. Two research questions were also explored. Step 1 analyses revealed stronger endorsement of attitudes related to the psychological and sociological models, and that demographic variables were modest but significant predictors of attitudes about addiction. Step 2 analyses revealed that professional status and demographic variables were significant predictors of attitudes about addiction. Findings have implications for treatment seeking, treatment and non-treatment professional behavior toward adolescents with substance use issues, and the need for continuing education to reduce stigma.

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“…Patient-provider relationship factors such as stigmatizing attitudes unique to certain drugs [29][30][31] could result in variations in the perceived judgement by staff as a factor affecting participation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Potential Factors, Motivations, And Barriers Influencing Research Participation And Retention Among People Who Use Drugs In The Rural United States

At¹,

Am²,

Mr³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Despite high morbidity and mortality among people who use drugs (PWUD) in rural America, most research is conducted within urban areas. We describe influencing factors, motivations, and barriers to research participation and retention among rural PWUD. Methods: We recruited 255 eligible participants from community outreach and community-based, epidemiologic research cohorts from April-July 2019 to participate in a descriptive cross-sectional study. Eligible participants reported opioid or injection drug use to get high within 30 days and resided in high-needs rural counties in Oregon, Kentucky, and Ohio. We aggregated response rankings to identify salient influences, motivations, and barriers. We estimated prevalence ratios to assess for gender, preferred drug use, and geographic differences using log-binomial models.Results: Most participants were male (55%) and recently injected methamphetamine (61%) and/or heroin (57%). The primary influential factors for research participation are confidentiality, amount of financial compensation, and time required. Primary motivations for participation include financial compensation, free HIV/HCV testing, and linkage with resources. Changed or false participant contact information and transportation are principal barriers to retention. Respondents who prefer methamphetamines over heroin are more influenced by why their information is collected and how it is used (PR=1.12; 95%CI:1.00, 1.26). Knowing and wanting to help the research team are motivations for participation among Oregon participants (PR=2.12; 95%CI:1.51, 2.99) and females (PR=1.57; 95%CI:1.09, 2.26).Conclusions: Beyond financial compensation, researchers should emphasize confidentiality, offer testing and linkage with care, use several contact methods, aid transportation, and accommodate demographic differences to improve research participation and retention among rural PWUD.

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Factors Influencing Stigma Toward Individuals Who Have Substance Use Disorders

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Public Stigma Toward Female and Male Opium and Heroin Users. An Experimental Test of Attribution Theory and the Familiarity Hypothesis

Public Stigma Toward Female and Male Opium and Heroin Users. An Experimental Test of Attribution Theory and the Familiarity Hypothesis

Treatment and Non-Treatment Professionals in Texas: Race, Sex, Age, and Level of Education Influencing Attitudes About Addiction

A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Potential Factors, Motivations, And Barriers Influencing Research Participation And Retention Among People Who Use Drugs In The Rural United States

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