Factors influencing the altered pain perception in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Maixner, William; Touw, Kenneth B.; Brody, Michael J.; Gebhart, G. F.; John, Prijmendran

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90562-5

Cited by 189 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Since the first animal studies using the spontaneously hypertensive rat reported a relation between nociception and blood pressure more than 20 years ago, [1][2][3][4][5] the relation between pain sensitivity and arterial pressure has been observed in hypertensive humans 6 -8 as well as in both normotensive animals and humans deemed to be at increased risk for the development of sustained high blood pressure. For example, data have been reported showing an increased tolerance to pain among humans with a parental history of hypertension, 9,10 exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity, 11,12 and elevated normal blood pressure.…”

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Adolescent Pain Sensitivity Is Associated With Cardiac Autonomic Function and Blood Pressure Over 8 Years

et al. 2003

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Abstract-Low pain sensitivity has been reported in hypertensive subjects as well in groups deemed to be at increased risk of development of the disorder. However, it is uncertain whether individual differences in pain sensitivity are associated prospectively with increases in blood pressure. In the current study, 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate variability were recorded in 110, 22-year-old men previously assessed at age 14 years for casual blood pressure and pain sensitivity (mechanical finger pressure). Significant correlations were observed between pain tolerance in 14-year-olds and current 24-hour systolic blood pressure (rϭ0.37, PϽ0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (rϭ0.36, PϽ0.01). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that information regarding pain tolerance improved prediction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 22 years beyond that afforded by differences in blood pressure, parental history of hypertension, and body mass index at age 14 years. Similar analyses revealed that average pain sensitivity at age 14 was also associated with 24-hour high-frequency heart rate variability (rϭ0.28, PϽ0.01) and low-frequency/high-frequency heart rate variability at age 22 (rϭϪ0.35, PϽ0.01), suggesting increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic tone among individuals less sensitive to pain. These results provide further evidence that blood pressure related hypoalgesia might be related to processes involved in blood pressure regulation as well as in the development of sustained high blood pressure. Key Words: adolescence Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ autonomic nervous system Ⅲ risk factors Ⅲ prospective studies T here is growing literature concerning the negative association between pain sensitivity and hypertension, a phenomenon referred to as hypertension-related hypoalgesia. Since the first animal studies using the spontaneously hypertensive rat reported a relation between nociception and blood pressure more than 20 years ago, 1-5 the relation between pain sensitivity and arterial pressure has been observed in hypertensive humans 6 -8 as well as in both normotensive animals and humans deemed to be at increased risk for the development of sustained high blood pressure. For example, data have been reported showing an increased tolerance to pain among humans with a parental history of hypertension, 9,10 exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity, 11,12 and elevated normal blood pressure. [13][14][15] Although there are several different perspectives concerning the origins of blood pressure-related hypoalgesia, 16,17 one promising explanation involves the possible dual impact of altered endogenous opioid activity on autonomic activity and pain sensitivity. McCubbin and colleagues 18 have argued that opioid dysregulation may be involved in the increased sympathetic activity and blood pressure lability often displayed by young hypertensives, a process that might have an impact on the perception of pain. 19 The current study sought to determine (1) whether measures of pain tolerance obtained from a ...

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Adolescent Pain Sensitivity Is Associated With Cardiac Autonomic Function and Blood Pressure Over 8 Years

et al. 2003

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“…27 Hypertension-related hypalgesia has been reported in animal and human studies. [28][29][30] Zamir and Shuber 31 showed that there is a significant positive correlation between BP and pain threshold, determined using a pulp tester, which applies a 600 Hz, 0.1 ms monophasic pulse to the tooth pulp, in healthy normotensive and hypertensive volunteers. Falcone et al 32 also demonstrated that the mean dental pain threshold determined by pulp stimulation significantly correlates with mean DBP in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease.…”

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Relationship between base blood pressure during sleep and health-related quality of life in healthy adults

2006

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There are many reports indicating that night time blood pressure (BP) is closely associated with target organ damage. However, BP in the waking period is influenced by physical activity and also by the psychological status. Recently, base BP (BP0: minimum and stable BP during sleep) has been reported to correlate with organ damage in hypertensives. However, little is known about the implications of BP0. We examined how BP0 is associated with BP, heart rate variability and healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL) in healthy subjects. One hundred and thirty-five participants, composed of 88 male and 47 female (age: 21-33 years) underwent a 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that SBP0 correlated with gender (Po0.01), night time LF/HF (Po0.04) and the scores of body pain (Po0.04). In conclusion, SBP0 correlated with BP, LF/HF and the scores of body pain (HRQOL). SBP0 may be a useful indicator for assessing 24-h BP, sympathetic nervous functions and HRQOL in healthy subjects.

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“…This role of endogenous opioids is also supported by findings that (1) experimental renal and Sabra hypertensive rats (SBH) have elevated levels of opioids in the cervical region of the spinal cord , (2) spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto-Aoki (SHR) strain have increased levels of whole brain opioid receptors (Martucci & Hahn, 1980), and (3) SBH rats show reduced binding of eH) naloxone in the hippocampus and dorsal horn of the spinal cord . In accord with the above observations, young and adult humans with essential hypertension show higher sensory and pain thresholds than age-matched normotensive humans in response to electrical stimulation of tooth pulp (Zamir & Shuber, 1980 The cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex arc appears to be critical for the antinociception of SHRs in the hot-plate assay, since either administration of hexamethonium or resection of the right vagus (which carries cardiopulmonary afferents) reduces the antinociception (Maixner et at., 1982). In SHRs, cardiopulmonary baroreceptors are "reset" or have increased threshold and reduced sensitivity, as measured by the slope of the linear portion of the steady state impulse frequency-pressure curve (Brown, 1980;Thoren, 1979).…”

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“…Antinociceptive behaviors are manifested by rats with experimentally induced renal hypertension, desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertension, and genetic hypertension in hot-plate and paw-pinch analgesimetric assays (Maixner, Touw, Brody, Gebhart, & Long, 1982;Randich, 1981;Randich & Maixner, 1981;Zamir & Segai, 1979;Zamir, Simantov, & Segal, 1980). In each of these forms of hypertension, the antinociception is attenuated following peripheral administration of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (Maixner et aI., 1982;Zamir et aI., 1980), thereby implicating the involvement of endogenous opioid pain-inhibition systems.…”

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Sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc modulation of nociception in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

Randich

1982

Psychobiology

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Spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto-Aoki strain (SHR) and normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY) were assessed in hot-plate and flinch-jump analgesimetric assays. SHRs manifested longer latencies than WKY s to both paw-lick and jump in response to painful thermal stimulation in the hot-plate assay, but SHRs had lower flinch and jump thresholds than WKYs to electric shock stimulation in the flinch-jump assay. Bilateral sinoaortic deafferentation did not alter response latencies of either SHRs or WKY s in the hotplate assay, but significantly lowered flinch and jump thresholds of both SHRs and WKYs in the flinch-jump assay. These findings are discussed in terms of baroreceptor reflex arc modulation of endogenous pain-regulatory systems and motor control.Animal models of hypertension have not only provided information regarding the etiology of hypertension in humans, but also suggested that blood pressure control systems interact with pain-regulatory systems. Antinociceptive behaviors are manifested by rats with experimentally induced renal hypertension, desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertension, and genetic hypertension in hot-plate and paw-pinch analgesimetric assays (Maixner,

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Factors influencing the altered pain perception in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

Cited by 189 publications

References 29 publications

Adolescent Pain Sensitivity Is Associated With Cardiac Autonomic Function and Blood Pressure Over 8 Years

Adolescent Pain Sensitivity Is Associated With Cardiac Autonomic Function and Blood Pressure Over 8 Years

Relationship between base blood pressure during sleep and health-related quality of life in healthy adults

Sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc modulation of nociception in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats

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