Factors Influencing the Effect of Race on Established Periodontitis Prevalence

Borrell, Luisa N.; Taylor, George W.; Borgnakke, Wenche S.; Nyquist, Linda; Woolfolk, Marilyn W.; Allen, Doris J.; Lang, W. Paul

doi:10.1111/j.1752-7325.2003.tb03470.x

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Only the plaque index was relatively high (0.71) and was similar to those observed among the population with periodontal disease (19). The results observed here differ from those observed by authors who reported higher occurrences of periodontal disease in African-descendant subjects compared to populations of different ethnic groups including Caucasians and Asians among others (8,9,26,31,46). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Borrell et al (9) observed a worse periodontal condition in African-Americans compared with Caucasians. Similar observations had already been made (8,31), although an association with other factors, mainly socioeconomic ones, had not been investigated. However, Segundo et al (38), after having evaluated the prevalence and distribution of periodontal disease in Arturo’s African descendant community (Minas Gerais, Brazil), did not confirm the hypothesis of higher prevalence of periodontal disease in black ethnic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, BA, Brazil

Victor¹,

Cortelli²,

Aquino³

et al. 2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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This cross-sectional study evaluated the periodontal status and the presence of periodontopathogens in 132 young, black ethnic subjects who live in Salvador/Bahia-Brazil and have never smoked. Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were measured and analyzed by ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05) according to gender and age. The presence of A.actinomycetemcomitans, P.gingivalis, E.corrodens and F.nucleatum was determined by PCR and was analyzed by ANOVA, Wilcoxon, Student-t tests (p<0.05). Mean values of PPD and CAL were 2.18 and 1.0mm, respectively. Clinical parameters did not show differences between subjects of varying gender and age. The microbial prevalence was observed to be 95.45% for E.corrodens followed by F.nucleatum with 68.18%, A.actinomycetemcomitans with 45.45% and P gingivalis with 40.9%. An association between the presence of pathogens and gender and age was not observed (p<0.05). PPD, CAL and PI were not associated with P.gingivalis; however, GI appeared in higher frequencies among subjects without P.gingivalis. In this young, black ethnic, Brazilian population, a high percentage (96.96%) of subjects harbored at least one selected periodontal pathogen, but most subjects showed a healthy periodontal status. Further investigations are required to evaluate the actual influence of the presence of these bacterial species.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, BA, Brazil

Victor¹,

Cortelli²,

Aquino³

et al. 2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This observation is in agreement with the findings of several national and international studies but differs from the findings of other studies, most likely due to the different methodologies used [11,25-28]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…At least one study has found that black individuals, especially individuals with low educational levels and those living in neighborhoods with poor socioeconomic statuses, were more likely to have periodontal disease [8]. Black individuals and individuals of mixed color likely have a greater chance of developing periodontal disease due to their worse economic situations, which hinder access to dental treatment and information, favoring the development of oral health problems .Biological susceptibility to periodontitis between different races was not especially evident, although an American study found that black Americans had more chance of developing periodontal disease than white Americans [25]. It is possible that skin color is associated with periodontal disease independent of social class and biological characteristics, with black and mixed race individuals being exposed to greater stress, which is a risk factor for periodontal disease [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social determinants of health and periodontal disease in Brazilian adults: a cross- sectional study

et al. 2013

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BackgroundRecently, increasing importance has been placed on the social determinants of health and disease. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in Brazilian adults and identify possible relationships with social determinants.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed using a sample of 743 adults (aged 35–49 years) living in an urban area of a large city in southeastern Brazil. The condition of the periodontium was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) according to the diagnostic criteria established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The variables related to social determinants were collected using a structured questionnaire. A descriptive analysis of all study variables was performed. Multiple correspondence analysis was subsequently performed to identify relationships between periodontal disease and the social determinants of health.ResultsThe periodontal exams showed that 36.5% of adults had a healthy periodontium, 2.0% had gingival bleeding, 47.1% had calculus and 9.5% had periodontal pockets of 4–5 mm. Periodontal pockets of 6 mm or more were the worst periodontal condition found (affecting only 2.1% of the participants). The correspondence analysis enabled us to form three groups with different profiles. The first group was distinguished by the presence of bleeding (gingivitis) or a healthy periodontium. The members of this group were typically aged 35 to 39 years and had 9–12 years or more than 12 years of education. The second group consisted of subjects with calculus and periodontal pockets of 4–5 mm. The members of this group were typically white men aged 40–44 years with incomes greater than $ 300.00. The third group was distinguished by the presence of periodontal pockets of 6 mm or more. The members of this group were typically adult females, black and mixed individuals who had 8 years or less of schooling, individuals with incomes ≤ $ 300.00 and widowers.ConclusionThe results suggest that periodontal health is worse in the group for which the social indicators are worse. Therefore, the social determinants of health also affect the severity of periodontal disease in adults Brazilian society.

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“…It is known that the most common factor for periodontal disease is the periodontal biofilm which forms on the teeth in the absence of effective oral hygiene [30]. Another factor is the possible genetic susceptibility related to the Jordanian study population as the prevalence of periodontitis varies between different races [31]. This is because genetic factors may play a role in periodontitis, the phenotype of which is determined by both the genetic makeup and the environmental influences on the patient [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orofacial findings in chronic granulomatous disease: report of twelve patients and review of the literature

et al. 2010

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BackgroundChronic granulomatous disease is an extremely rare primary immunodeficiency syndrome that can be associated with various oral complications. This can affect high number of patients. However, data on oral complications is sparse. Here we will review the literature and describe the orofacial findings in 12 patients.FindingsThe age range was 5-31 years. Oral findings were variable, and reflected a low level of oral hygiene. They included periodontitis, rampant caries, gingivitis, aphthous-like ulcers, and geographic tongue. One patient had white patches on the buccal mucosa similar to lichen planus. Another patient had a nodular dorsum of the tongue associated with fissured and geographic tongue. Biopsies from the latter two lesions revealed chronic non-specific mucositis. Panoramic radiographs showed extensive periodontitis in one patient and periapical lesions in another patient.ConclusionPatients with chronic granulomatous disease may develop oral lesions reflecting susceptibility to infections and inflammation. It is also possible that social and genetic factors may influence the development of this complication. Therefore, oral hygiene must be kept at an optimum level to prevent infections that can be difficult to manage.

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Factors Influencing the Effect of Race on Established Periodontitis Prevalence

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, BA, Brazil

Periodontal profile and presence of periodontal pathogens in young African-Americans from Salvador, BA, Brazil

Social determinants of health and periodontal disease in Brazilian adults: a cross- sectional study

Orofacial findings in chronic granulomatous disease: report of twelve patients and review of the literature

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