Factors Influencing the Formation and Stability of D-Glucoside 3-Dehydrogenase Activity in Cultures of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Kurowski, W. M.; Fensom, Anthony H.; Pirt, S. J.

doi:10.1099/00221287-90-2-191

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These authors that Mn2+ raised the efficiency of ATP utilization for growth. On the contrary, Kurowski et al (1975) demonstrated that D-aldohexoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity was affected by the amount of Mn2+ in the medium depending upon the carbon source. Mn2+ (lo4 M and more) strongly decreased the synthesis of D-a1dohexoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase in sucrose medium but had little effect when the carbon source was methyl a-D-glucoside.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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The significance of 3-ketolactose in the lactose catabolism by Agrobacterium

Janssens¹,

Kersters²,

Ley³

1983

Can. J. Microbiol.

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1983. The significance of 3-ketolactose in the lactose catabolism by Agrobacterium. Can. J. Microbiol. 29: 1096-1 103. The metabolic implications of both the production and the catabolism of 3-ketolactose during growth of 3-ketolactose-positive agrobacteria on lactose have been investigated. It was concluded that 3-ketolactose is not a necessary intermediate for the transport reaction of lactose to the cytoplasm and is on a sidetrack from the main catabolic route of lactose. Furthermore, in media with 2% lactose cell yield of 3-ketolactose-positive, but not of 3-ketolactose-negative, strains was improved by the presence of lo-' M M~~+ .This increase was attributed to a decreased synthesis of D-aldohexoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase, whereby the conversion of lactose to 3-ketolactose was slowed down and lactose remained available for a longer time for exponential growth.JANSSENS, D., K. KERSTERS et J. DE LEY. 1983. The significance of 3-ketolactose in the lactose catabolism by Agrobacterium.Can. J. Microbiol. 29: 1096-1103. Nous avons CtudiC les implications mCtaboliques de la production et du catabolisme du 3-cCtolactose durant la croissance d'agrobactkries 3-~Ctolactose positives sur du lactose. On peut conclure que le 3-cCtolactose n'est pas un intermkdiaire nkcessaire pour le transport du lactose dans le cytoplasme mais est dans une voie secondaire de la voie catabolique principale du lactose. De plus, dans des milieux contenant 2% de lactose, le rendement cellulaire des souches 3-cCtolactose positives, mais non celui des souches 3-cCtolactose nkgatives est amCliorC par la prCsence de M Mn2+. Cette augmentation est due A une diminution de la synthkse de la D-a1dohexoside:cytochrome c oxydorCductase, par constquence la transformation du lactose en 3-cCtolactose est ralentie et le lactose demeure disponible plus longtemps pour la croissance exponentielle.[Traduit par le journal]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although several physiological functions have been attributed to 'Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed the 3-ketoglucoside metabolism (Miyairi and Fukui 1973;Chern et al 1976aChern et al , 1976b, the essential role of this pathway has occasionally been questioned (Kurowski and Pirt 1971;Kurowski et al 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The significance of 3-ketolactose in the lactose catabolism by Agrobacterium

Janssens¹,

Kersters²,

Ley³

1983

Can. J. Microbiol.

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“…duced cells. Sym-Contrasting effects of a-methylglucoside and ith succinate; (0) sucrose on ACO development in A. tumefaciens treatment; (x) c-cells have also been reported by Kurowski et al ,eated; and (A) a-(15). They noted that cells grown in a chemolls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…iuired to initiate Succinate inhibition of ACO synthesis has also enzyme activity been observed by Kurowski et al (15). The of cells to appro-inhibition appears to be specifically directed to ition of protein ACO induction since glucosidase synthesis is blocks enzyme unaffected.…”

Section: _x Xmentioning

confidence: 86%

Induction of D-aldohexoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Nakamura¹,

Tyler²

1977

J Bacteriol

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D-Aldohexopyranoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (ACO) was strongly induced by cellobiose, a-methylglucoside, 3-methylglucoside, kojibiose, and sophorose. Induction was rapid, and ACO was readily detectable within 10 min after addition of cellobiose as inducer. Although not measurable for 30 to 40 min after addition of inducer, once started, the rate of induction with a-methylglucoside equaled or even exceeded that obtained with cellobiose. Induction by sucrose, maltose, a, a-trehalose, melibiose, and lactose was weak. In general, the active ACO inducers were poor glycosidase inducers; the converse also appeared to be true. Although ACO induction was not repressed by 1)-glucose, it was repressed by succinate, malate, and fumarate. Strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium radiobacter convert certain glucosides and galactosides to their corresponding 3-uloses by an unusual oxidation at carbon 3 of the glycosyl residues (3, 7). The enzyme, D-aldohexoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (ACO; EC 1.1.99.13), has been extensively purified and thoroughly characterized (10, 25). Van Beeumen and De Ley, who demonstrated the presence of the enzyme only in cellfree extracts of A. tumefaciens cultured in media containing lactose, suggested the inducibility of the enzyme (25). Aside from this preliminary observation, no study has been done to verify rigorously and characterize the inductive biosynthesis of the enzyme. The present work seeks to better understand the regulation of ACO biosynthesis and to correlate the findings with optimal synthesis of 3-keto sugars. The results clearly demonstrate vigorous induction of enzyme synthesis by cellobiose, kojibiose, sophorose, and a-and /3-methylglucosides. Other sugars such as maltose, maltitol, a,atrehalose, sucrose, lactose, melibiose, and a-Dglucosyl-1-phosphate induce weakly or not at all. Succinate, malate, and fumarate, but not glucose, inhibit induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organism. A. tumefaciens strain NRRL B-36, supplied by the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection maintained at the Northern Regional Research Center, was cultured on MY (12) slants and stored at 4°C. Enzyme induction. Cells were grown in 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 ml of Kaneshiro synthetic medium (13), modified to contain 50.0 mM

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Rhizobium

Kuykendall¹,

Young²,

Martı́nez-Romero³

et al. 2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Rhi.zo' bi.um . Gr. n. rhiza a root; Gr. n. bios life; M.L. neut. n. Rhizobium that which lives in a root. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Rhizobiaceae / Rhizobium Rods 0 . 5–1 . 0 × 1 . 2–3 . 0 µm . Nonsporeforming. Gram negative. Motile by 1–6 peritrichous flagella . Fimbriae have been described on some strains. Aerobic , possessing a respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Optimal temperature for growth, 25–30°C; some species can grow at temperatures >40°C. Optimal pH for growth, 6–7; range pH 4–10. Generation times of Rhizobium strains are 1.5–5.0 h. Colonies are usually white or beige, circular, convex, semi‐translucent or opaque, raised and mucilaginous, usually 2–4 mm in diameter within 3–5 days on yeast‐mannitol‐mineral salts agar ( YMA ). Growth on carbohydrate media is usually accompanied by copious amounts of extracellular polysaccharide . Pronounced turbidity develops after 2 or 3 days in aerated or agitated broth. Chemoorganotrophic, utilizing a wide range of carbohydrates and salts of organic acids as sole carbon sources, without gas formation. Cellulose and starch are not utilized. Produce an acidic reaction in mineral‐salts medium containing mannitol or other carbohydrates . Ammonium salts, nitrate, nitrite, and most amino acids can serve as nitrogen sources. Strains of some species will grow in a simple mineral salts medium with vitamin‐free casein hydrolysate as the sole source of both carbon and nitrogen, but strains of many species require one or more growth factors such as biotin, pantothenate, or nicotinic acid. Peptone is poorly utilized. Casein, starch, chitin, and agar are not hydrolyzed. All known Rhizobium species include strains which induce hypertrophisms in plants as root nodules with or without symbiotic nitrogen fixation . Some cells of symbiotic bacterial species enter root hair cells of leguminous plants (Family Leguminosae) via invagination or by wounds (“crack entry”) and elicit the production of root nodules wherein the bacteria engage as intracellular symbionts, usually fixing nitrogen. Many well‐defined nodulation ( nod ) and nitrogen fixation ( nif ) genes are clustered on large plasmids or megaplasmids (pSyms). Plasmid transfer between species results in the expression and stable inheritance of the particular plant‐interactive properties of the plasmid‐donor species. Plant host specificity is usually for a few legume genera but may, in some strains, include a wide variety of legume genera and is to some extent determined by the chemical structure of the lipochito‐oligosaccharide Nod factors produced. These chitin‐like molecules induce nodule organogenesis in the absence of bacteria. In root nodules the bacteria occur as endophytes that exhibit pleomorphic forms , termed “ bacteroids ”, which reduce or fix gaseous atmospheric nitrogen into a combined form utilizable by the host plant . The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 57–66. Type species : Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889, 338 ( Schinzia leguminosarum Frank 1879, 397.)

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Factors Influencing the Formation and Stability of D-Glucoside 3-Dehydrogenase Activity in Cultures of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

The significance of 3-ketolactose in the lactose catabolism by Agrobacterium

The significance of 3-ketolactose in the lactose catabolism by Agrobacterium

Induction of D-aldohexoside:cytochrome c oxidoreductase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Rhizobium

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