Factors influencing the forming limit diagram: Part I — The experimental determination of the forming limits of sheet steel

Kleemola, Heikki; Kumpulainen, Jarmo

doi:10.1016/0378-3804(80)90048-0

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…During the analysis of flanging operations involving copper, brass and steel alloys following a draw forming operation Kleemola and Pelkkikangas [36] have reported the limitations of the FLD and they have proposed FLSD. Later Arrieux et al [37] have elaborately discussed the FLSD and successfully used FLSD for all secondary forming operations.…”

Section: Stress Based Forming Limit Diagram (Flsd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Path independent limiting criteria in sheet metal forming

Paul

2015

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

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Section: Stress Based Forming Limit Diagram (Flsd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Path independent limiting criteria in sheet metal forming

Paul

2015

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

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“…Several authors refer to the Marciniak testing procedure according to the idea of the in-plane analysed area of the specimen and selection of the double-blank test to assure material fracture in the middle of the observed area. Therefore, the selection of initial Marciniak geometry was carried out according to Kleemola and Kumpulainen [14] and Albrektsen [15] who used straight specimens and single tooling geometry only, whereas for the determination of the entire FLD, six different specimen shapes were selected (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Description Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hasek [13] has proposed a testing method with the use of circular specimens having recesses of various radii to minimize wrinkling of the specimen. Kleemola and Kumpulainen [14] have solved the problem of the determination of FLD with combinations of uniaxial tensile test for negative values of Q 2 and hydraulic bulging for positive values of Q 2 . Furthermore, they have applied strip-shaped specimens of different widths and with a driving blank to obtain the entire range of the FLD with only single tooling geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-assisted engineering determination of the formability limit for thin sheet metals by a modified Marciniak method

Pepelnjak

Barišić

2009

The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design

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Development of a new sheet-metal-forming technology in a digital environment demands accurate and reliable mechanical properties and forming limits of the selected material. It is essential to determine the forming limits for thin sheets and foils. Implementation of the Marciniak procedure with strip-shaped specimens defining the left-hand side of the forming limit diagram (FLD) results in tearing outside the observed area of the specimen. Therefore, new shapes of test pieces were designed with a strip-shaped central area and enlarged outer areas, which were in contact with the die during the forming process. The radius of the specimen enlargement enabled a co-axial contact of its edge and direction of the material flow over the die radius during the forming process. The shape of the redesigned geometry of the specimen was analysed using the finite element (FE) program ABAQUS to minimize undesired stress concentrations at the die radius. Finally, strain paths variations due to shape change were analysed. The new specimen concept was verified on TS-275 tinplate steel with a thickness of 0.24 mm. By implementing the necessary redesigned specimen shapes and by analysis of the tearing limit of the TS-275 material, the forming limit curve for the tinplate material under investigation was constructed.

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“…where 1  , 2  , 3  are the principal values of  . The only restrictions imposed on the tensor C are: (i) to satisfy the major and minor symmetries and (ii) to be invariant with respect to the orthotropy group.…”

Section: Yield Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to describe the occurrence of necking and present the formability, a most realistic and general method was introduced at the beginning of 1960s by Keeler [1] and Goodwin [2] who proposed the concept of Forming Limit Diagram, which involved a wide range of forming limit strains of a homogeneous material at different strain-states (from uniaxial tension, to plane strain tension and biaxial tension). The forming limit strain was constructed with experiments on various proportional loading paths by measuring the distortions of small grids pre-marked on the sheet surface [3][4][5]. However, due to the time-consuming, costly and tedious experimental work involved in FLD measurement, a theoretical prediction of the FLD has become popular and essentially important in sheet metal forming and the related industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%