Factors Influencing the Measurement of the Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio in Amniotic Fluid

Wagstaff, T. I.; Whyley, G. A.; Freedman, G.

doi:10.1097/00006254-197501000-00005

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These samples were not contaminated with blood, whereas in the asphyxiated lung haemorrhages were present. Blood acts upon the L/S ratio in amniotic fluid and upon the hysteresis of this fluid measured with the surfactant balance (37,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Volume Curves of Lamb Lungs and the Lecithin-Sphingomyelin Ratios of Lung Fluid

Egberts¹,

Rethmeier²

1975

Neonatology

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Pressure-volume curves were made of lungs from non-distressed, from asphyxiated and from distressed lambs. The curves of the non-distressed animals differed from the curves of the asphyxiated and of the distressed group. Eleven stability indices were calculated and the summation of these in situ surfactant characteristics was used for individual respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis. Low values (< 2) of lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios in lung fluid were found before the 130th day of gestation, but a steep increase of the L/S ratio was present after that period. Postnatal RDS was found in low L/S ratio cases, whereas normal lung stability was noticed in animals with L/S ratios > 2. It is concluded that the prenatal L/S ratio in lung fluid of lambs is of predicting value in RDS experiments and fits well with lung stability characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Volume Curves of Lamb Lungs and the Lecithin-Sphingomyelin Ratios of Lung Fluid

Egberts¹,

Rethmeier²

1975

Neonatology

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“…Moreover, the results must be interpreted with Caw tion when samples are contaminated with meconium or blood (21). Since intrauterine asphyxia is often accompanied by the presence of meconium in amniotic fluid, such cases are Prone to be misinterpreted when the L/S ratio is used for estimating maturity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Ultrastructure of Amniotic Fluid Cells and Fetal Tissues of the Rhesus Monkey

Tydén

Bergström

Nilsson

1981

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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Amniotic fluid cytology is considered to reflect other organ maturity more faithfully than the L/S ratio. In order to assess the origin of amniotic fluid cells a pilot study was undertaken in the Rhesus monkey with the purpose of correlating the surface ultrastructure of amniotic fluid cells and various tissues facing, or communicating with the amniotic cavity. Three distinct cell types were found in the amniotic fluid, out of which two were obviously related to maturational events in fetal skin. The remaining cell type seemed to be derived from umbilical cord, fetal vagina and to some extent oral mucosa. No exfoliation was observed in the urinary bladder, trachea, lungs or amniotic membranes. It is concluded that correlation of cytology and tissue surface morphology in the monkey amniotic fluid compartment may give clues to the origin of amniotic fluid cells in the human.

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“…Whitfield & Sproule (1974) observed RDS in only 33% of babies when the L/S ratio was <2.0 and an overall incidence of 54% was found by Harvey et al (1975) in a review of the literature. Contamination of the amniotic fluid with blood or meconium has been reported to elevate the L/S ratio (Wagstaff et al 1974) or lower it (Spellacy & Buhi 1972). Amniotic fluid collected from the vagina may also be unsuitable for the determination of the L/S ratio (van Graaf & Gunston 1978) and an inconsistent elevation in the L/S ratio in fluid collected by this route, compared with that collected by simultaneous amniocentesis, has been demonstrated (Dombroski et al.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in the assessment of fetal lung maturity

Whittle

Wilson

Whitfield

et al. 1982

BJOG

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Summary. Based on the analysis of 561 amniotic fluid samples obtained within 72 h of delivery, including 288 samples collected from the vagina, the detection of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in the fluid together with the determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio gave an accurate prediction of the risk of the newborn infant developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In the presence of PG, regardless of the L/S ratio, only 0·6% of the babies developed RDS, while absent PG was associated with an 82·8% incidence of RDS. The predictive ability was improved by knowing the L/S ratio since in the presence of both PG and a mature L/S ratio (≥2·0), no baby developed RDS whereas 3·4% of them did when the ratio was immature despite the presence of PG. The test appears to be a useful determinant of the risk of RDS in babies born to diabetic mothers and it seems particularly effective in assessing amniotic fluid collected vaginally. It is recommended that laboratories dealing with amniotic fluid from high‐risk pregnancies should detect PG as well as measuring the L/S ratio.

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Factors Influencing the Measurement of the Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio in Amniotic Fluid

Abstract: WAGSTAFF, WHYLEY AND FREEDMAN

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Pressure Volume Curves of Lamb Lungs and the Lecithin-Sphingomyelin Ratios of Lung Fluid

Pressure Volume Curves of Lamb Lungs and the Lecithin-Sphingomyelin Ratios of Lung Fluid

Surface Ultrastructure of Amniotic Fluid Cells and Fetal Tissues of the Rhesus Monkey

Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol and the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in the assessment of fetal lung maturity

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