Factors influencing the removal of patulin by cysteine

Possible Reaction Mechanisms Involved in Degradation of Patulin by Heat-Assisted Cysteine under Highly Acidic Conditions

“…Theoretically, one mole of PAT can react with two moles of cysteine based on the Michael addition reaction at room temperature under near neutral conditions [ 13 ]. In our reported literature, PAT could not be effectively decomposed by cysteine in highly acidic conditions (pH 3.5) when the reaction temperature was less than 60 °C [ 18 ]. Meanwhile, PAT is stable to heat in an acidic environment, and is very difficult to be degraded in the absence of cysteine [ 18 , 19 ].…”

“…In our reported literature, PAT could not be effectively decomposed by cysteine in highly acidic conditions (pH 3.5) when the reaction temperature was less than 60 °C [ 18 ]. Meanwhile, PAT is stable to heat in an acidic environment, and is very difficult to be degraded in the absence of cysteine [ 18 , 19 ]. To effectively degrade PAT, excess cysteine was used in this study, i.e., a molar ratio of 1:3 between PAT and cysteine was used.…”

“…According to the reported literature, the Michael addition reaction can be carried out spontaneously at the room temperature and near-neutral conditions (pH 6.4~7.4) due to the electrophilic properties of PAT [ 14 ]. It is well-known that PAT is very stable to heat, especially in acidic pH [ 18 , 19 , 24 ]. In the presence of CYS, PAT in pH 3.5 solution was only reduced by 6.22% and 7.69% after being treated at 30 °C and 60 °C for 120 min, respectively [ 18 ].…”

“…It is well-known that PAT is very stable to heat, especially in acidic pH [ 18 , 19 , 24 ]. In the presence of CYS, PAT in pH 3.5 solution was only reduced by 6.22% and 7.69% after being treated at 30 °C and 60 °C for 120 min, respectively [ 18 ]. Its degradation efficiencies were increased to 42.12, 78.94, and 100.00% after being heated at 90 °C, 120 °C, and 150 °C for 90 min, respectively [ 19 ].…”