Factors influencing thresholds for monocular movement parallax.

Graham, C. H.; Baker, Katherine; Hecht, Maressa; Lloyd, V. V.

doi:10.1037/h0054067

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This is particularly a danger in threshold studies, such as the classic study by Graham et al (1948), in which observers merely have to discriminate between motion conditions. Estimated depth in lit-foreground conditions was greater under dynamic-binocular conditions than under either static-binocular or dynamic-monocular conditions, suggesting that motion parallax contributed to depth perception even when stereopsis was present with a summation of their effectiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth Interval Estimates from Motion Parallax and Binocular Disparity beyond Interaction Space

2011

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Static and dynamic observers provided binocular and monocular estimates of the depths between real objects lying well beyond interaction space. On each trial, pairs of LEDs were presented inside a dark railway tunnel. The nearest LED was always 40 m from the observer, with the depth separation between LED pairs ranging from 0 up to 248 m. Dynamic binocular viewing was found to produce the greatest (ie most veridical) estimates of depth magnitude, followed next by static binocular viewing, and then by dynamic monocular viewing. (No significant depth was seen with static monocular viewing.) We found evidence that both binocular and monocular dynamic estimates of depth were scaled for the observation distance when the ground plane and walls of the tunnel were visible up to the nearest LED. We conclude that both motion parallax and stereopsis provide useful long-distance depth information and that motion parallax information can enhance the degree of stereoscopic depth seen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth Interval Estimates from Motion Parallax and Binocular Disparity beyond Interaction Space

2011

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“…If something like man's ability to detect small relative differences in stimulus velocity (Graham, Baker, Hecht & Lloyd, 1948;Hick, 1950;Notterman & Page, 1957) holds for the cat then this discriminative ability is likely to be reflected in the character of the velocity tuning curves of cells in the striate cortex. From quantitatively measured tuning curves in this and in earlier studies (Pettigrew et al 1968;Movshon, 1975) it appears that the responses of all striate cells in the cat show some degree of velocity dependence and that many respond only to a restricted range of stimulus velocities.…”

Section: Coding Of Velocity In Striate Neurosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of stimulus velocity on the responses of single neurones in the striate cortex.

Goodwin¹,

Henry²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Using a multi-histogram technique forty-seven response-velocity curves were prepared for a variety of visual stimuli presented to twenty-one cells in the striate cortex of the anaesthetized, paralysed cat.2. The character of each velocity-response curve varied according to the measurement used in assessing a response. Reasons are advanced for sampling the response over a single bin of short duration at the peak of the discharge in each average response histogram.3. The sharpness of tuning varied markedly throughout the population of cells but it was not possible to establish any definitive class differences.4. For simple and complex cell categories there was considerable overlap in both the range of effective stimulus velocities and the distribution of the optimal velocities. An observation not emphasized in the past was that some simple cells responded to very fast stimuli while a number of complex cells were driven by very slowly moving stimuli.5. Generally changes in stimulus parameters such as the polarity of contrast of a moving edge, its orientation or direction of movement produced only slight modifications in the profile of the velocity-response curve.6. The abolition of the response of simple cells that failed to be driven by rapidly moving stimuli was shown to be due to the entry of the stimulus into the inhibitory flank distal to the discharge region. When the movement of the stimulus was confined to the discharge region there was little evidence of velocity dependence in the response. The duration over which the inhibition from the distal flank remained effective was evaluated for representative simple cells.

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“…When only one eye with a fixed head was used, the error was very large. Graham, Baker, Hecht, and Lloyd (1948;see also Graham, 1951) obtained the threshold for separation in depth of two needles pointing toward one another, as seen on a uniform field through a window. The needles moved from side to side on a common carriage.…”

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confidence: 98%

Motion parallax as a determinant of perceived depth.

Gibson¹,

Gibson²,

Smith³

et al. 1959

Journal of Experimental Psychology

241

167

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Motion parallax is the optical change of the visual field of an observer which results from a change of his viewing position. It is often denned as the set of "apparent motions" of stationary objects which arise during locomotion. Psychologists assert that it is a "cue" for perceiving the depth of the objects, but the optical fact of motion parallax must be distinguished from its capacity to induce perceptions. It has not been experimentally demonstrated that motions in the field of view will actually yield corresponding judgments of depth. This is a purely psychological problem. The optics of motion parallax, on the other hand, is a problem for geometry and ecology.Recently, the suggestion has been made that a continuous gradient of motions in the field of view will induce the perception of slant-depth (J. J. Gibson, Olum, •& Rosenblatt, 1955) inasmuch as the perception of depth is intimately connected with the perception of surfaces (J. J. Gibson, ^950). This statement also needs experimental test. The purpose of the present study is to investigate what kinds of motion in the light entering an eye do in fact consistently arouse certain judgments of depth, and what do not.The experiments must be carried out with artificial motions in a field of view rather than those obtained

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Factors influencing thresholds for monocular movement parallax.

Cited by 55 publications

References 3 publications

Depth Interval Estimates from Motion Parallax and Binocular Disparity beyond Interaction Space

Depth Interval Estimates from Motion Parallax and Binocular Disparity beyond Interaction Space

The influence of stimulus velocity on the responses of single neurones in the striate cortex.

Motion parallax as a determinant of perceived depth.

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