“…People may receive information either in an active way (e.g., purposeful information seeking) or in a passive way (e.g., information scanning). Previous research on information acquisition (including exposure, seeking, and scanning) 1 examined its role in predicting different health outcomes, such as adoption of e-Government applications for risk communication (Park & Lee, 2018), healthier lifestyles (exercising, diet, and smoking, Lewis et al, 2022; Rimal et al, 1999), reduced vaping habits (Yang et al, 2019), increased health knowledge and literacy (Jin et al, 2019; Qian et al, 2023), cancer preventive behaviors (Chae & Lee, 2019; Hornik et al, 2013), and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic (Yang & Cao, 2022; Zheng et al, 2022; Zhou & Roberto, 2022). For example, using a two-wave data of 158 students in United States, Zhou and Roberto (2022) found that COVID-19 vaccination intention was determined by vaccine-related information seeking.…”